Vulvar Cancer Market - Global Industry Size, Share, Trends, Opportunity, and Forecast, Segmented By Cancer Type (Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Vulvar Melanoma, Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell Carcinoma), By Treatment Type (Chemotherapy, Surgery, Laser Surgery, Excision, Skinning Vulvectomy, Radical Vulvectomy, Radiation Vulvectomy, Biologic Therapy), By End-User (Hospitals & Clinics, Research & Academic Institutes, Others), By Region and Competition, 2021-2031F

Forecast Period	2027-2031
Market Size (2025)	USD 650.78 MIllion
CAGR (2026-2031)	6.33%
Fastest Growing Segment	Bilogic Therapy
Largest Market	North America
Market Size (2031)	USD 940.52 MIllion

Market Overview

The Global Vulvar Cancer Market will grow from USD 650.78 MIllion in 2025 to USD 940.52 MIllion by 2031 at a 6.33% CAGR. The Global Vulvar Cancer Market consists of diagnostic technologies and therapeutic agents including surgery, chemotherapy, and immunomodulators intended to treat malignancies of the vulva. Primary drivers propelling the market trajectory include the expanding geriatric female population susceptible to vulvar neoplasia and the increasing incidence of Human Papillomavirus infections which are a leading cause of squamous cell carcinomas. Furthermore, robust government initiatives aimed at enhancing women’s health outcomes are significantly improving early detection rates and subsequently increasing the volume of patients requiring timely medical intervention.

However, the market encounters significant challenges regarding the prohibitive costs of advanced biologic therapies and the severe side effects often linked to radical surgical procedures. These economic and clinical barriers can deter patient compliance and limit market penetration in developing nations with restricted healthcare expenditure. According to the American Cancer Society, in 2025, approximately 7,480 new cases of vulvar cancer will be diagnosed in the United States. This figure illustrates the persistent disease burden that manufacturers must address through the development of cost-effective and well-tolerated treatment innovations.

Key Market Drivers

The Global Vulvar Cancer Market is being significantly reshaped by a robust pipeline of novel immunotherapies and targeted therapeutics, which are offering new hope for patients with advanced or recurrent disease. Pharmaceutical developers are increasingly focusing on immune checkpoint inhibitors that can overcome the limitations of traditional chemoradiation, thereby enhancing treatment efficacy for difficult cases. For instance, according to Targeted Oncology, June 2025, in the article 'Pembrolizumab Combo Promising for Unresectable Vulvar Cancer', a recent phase 2 clinical trial demonstrated that the combination of pembrolizumab with cisplatin and radiation achieved a substantial 75% objective response rate in patients with locally advanced, unresectable squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva. This surge in efficacious biologic agents is driving market growth by expanding the treatable patient pool and encouraging the adoption of premium therapeutic regimens.

Concurrently, the rising incidence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infections acts as a primary catalyst for market expansion, necessitating improved preventative and therapeutic strategies. As infection rates persist, particularly among younger demographics, the prevalence of HPV-linked malignancies continues to elevate the demand for specialized oncological care. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), December 2025, in the 'Cancers Associated with Human Papillomavirus' report, HPV is now estimated to be responsible for approximately 69% of all vulvar cancers. This strong etiologic link underscores the urgent need for targeted interventions and rigorous screening programs to mitigate disease progression. Furthermore, the clinical burden remains severe; according to the American Cancer Society, in 2025, an estimated 1,770 women are projected to die from vulvar cancer in the United States alone, reinforcing the critical imperative for the continued development of advanced diagnostic and therapeutic solutions.

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Key Market Challenges

The prohibitive costs associated with biologic therapies constitute a significant barrier to the expansion of the Global Vulvar Cancer Market. High pricing structures for these agents create substantial economic obstacles, particularly in developing regions where healthcare budgets are constrained. When advanced treatments remain financially inaccessible, market penetration is severely curtailed, preventing manufacturers from maximizing revenue within these demographics. Consequently, the market struggles to achieve broad adoption rates, limiting its growth primarily to affluent segments rather than addressing the wider global patient population.

This economic restriction is compounded by the clinical deterrents associated with radical surgical procedures, which often carry risks of severe side effects. These factors collectively result in a gap between the prevalence of the disease and the utilization of available therapeutic interventions. This disparity is highlighted by mortality data which suggests that current market mechanisms are not fully mitigating the disease burden. According to the American Cancer Society, in 2025, approximately 1,770 deaths were projected to result from vulvar cancer in the United States. This statistic indicates that despite available technologies, economic and clinical hurdles continue to impede the successful delivery of care, directly hampering market growth.

Key Market Trends

The Global Vulvar Cancer Market is witnessing a significant advancement in sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping and biopsy protocols, moving beyond traditional dye-based methods to fluorescence-guided techniques that reduce surgical morbidity. Clinicians are increasingly adopting indocyanine green (ICG) tracers to improve the precision of nodal staging, thereby minimizing the incidence of lymphedema associated with complete lymphadenectomy. This shift is supported by compelling clinical data; according to Physician's Weekly, May 2025, in the article 'Indocyanine Green Matches Dual Tracers in Vulvar SLN Detection', a systematic review reported that the per-patient sentinel lymph node detection rate for indocyanine green was 88%, proving it to be a highly effective and less invasive alternative to standard radiotracers.

Simultaneously, the implementation of genomic profiling for personalized treatment plans is transforming the therapeutic landscape, particularly for HPV-independent tumors which historically lack targeted options. Medical centers are integrating next-generation sequencing into routine diagnostic workflows to identify actionable somatic mutations, facilitating the stratification of patients for emerging precision medicine therapies. This trend is substantiated by recent molecular characterization efforts; according to the International Journal of Gynecological Cancer, December 2024, in the article 'Molecular and microenvironmental landscapes of human papillomavirus-independent invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva', targeted sequencing revealed recurrent somatic mutations affecting TP53 in 68% of the studied cases, highlighting its potential as a critical biomarker for therapeutic selection.

Segmental Insights

The Biologic Therapy segment is currently the fastest-growing category within the global vulvar cancer market, driven by the increasing adoption of targeted immunotherapies that address the limitations of conventional chemotherapy. This rapid expansion is primarily supported by recent approvals from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for agents such as pembrolizumab, which provide necessary alternatives for patients with advanced or recurrent disease. Healthcare providers are prioritizing these therapies as they specifically target malignant cells to reduce systemic toxicity, offering improved safety profiles compared to traditional surgical or radiation interventions.

Regional Insights

North America maintains a dominant position in the global vulvar cancer market, primarily due to established healthcare systems that support early detection and comprehensive patient care. The region benefits from the active presence of major industry players and substantial investments in clinical research for gynecological cancers. Furthermore, broad medical reimbursement coverage ensures that patients can access necessary treatments. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) further drives regional growth by facilitating the approval of new therapeutic options, thereby ensuring a steady supply of effective medications for this specific indication.

Recent Developments

• In September 2025, results from the Phase 1/2 ARTISTRY-3 trial evaluating Mural Oncology’s engineered cytokine, nemvaleukin alfa, were published in The Oncologist. The study assessed a less frequent intravenous dosing schedule of the novel interleukin-2 variant in patients with advanced solid tumors. The publication reported pharmacodynamic proof of mechanism, including the expansion of CD8+ T cells and natural killer cells with minimal regulatory T-cell expansion. Notably, the study presented data showing increased tumor microenvironment infiltration of immune effector cells in a patient with vulvar mucosal melanoma, a rare subtype of vulvar cancer, supporting the potential immunomodulatory activity of the drug in this indication.
• In June 2025, researchers presented primary results from a Phase 2 trial evaluating Merck & Co.’s Keytruda (pembrolizumab) in combination with chemoradiation for vulvar cancer at the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meeting. The single-arm study investigated the efficacy of adding the anti-PD-1 therapy to standard cisplatin-sensitized radiation therapy followed by maintenance pembrolizumab in patients with unresectable, locally advanced, or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva. The regimen met its primary endpoint, achieving an objective response rate of 75% and a six-month recurrence-free survival rate of 70%, suggesting that the addition of immunotherapy to chemoradiation could improve outcomes in this difficult-to-treat population.
• In February 2025, PDS Biotechnology Corporation announced the publication of results from a National Cancer Institute-led Phase 2 clinical trial in JAMA Oncology. The study evaluated a triple combination therapy comprising the company’s investigational HPV16-targeted immunotherapy, Versamune HPV (formerly PDS0101), an investigational IL-12 fused antibody-drug conjugate (PDS01ADC), and bintrafusp alfa. The trial enrolled patients with recurrent or metastatic HPV16-positive cancers, including those with vulvar cancer. The data demonstrated a confirmed objective response rate of 75% in immune checkpoint inhibitor-naïve patients and highlighted a significant survival benefit, with the median overall survival not reached at the time of analysis for the naïve cohort.
• In January 2025, findings from the prospective Phase II DART trial (SWOG S1609) involving Bristol Myers Squibb’s immunotherapy combination were published in Clinical Cancer Research. The study evaluated the dual blockade of CTLA-4 and PD-1 using ipilimumab and nivolumab in patients with rare tumors, including a cohort with advanced vulvar squamous cell carcinoma. The results demonstrated an objective response rate of 18.8% in the vulvar cancer cohort, with durable responses lasting over one year in all responding patients. The study highlighted the potential of this dual immunotherapy approach for patients with this rare gynecologic malignancy who have limited treatment options.

Key Market Players

• Merck & Co. Inc.
• Sanofi SA
• Novartis AG
• Astellas Pharma Inc.
• Pfizer Inc.
• Abbott Laboratories
• Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
• Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited
• F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd
• Eli Lilly and Company

By Cancer Type	By Treatment Type	By End-User	By Region
Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma Vulvar Melanoma Adenocarcinoma Basal Cell Carcinoma	Chemotherapy Surgery Laser Surgery Excision Skinning Vulvectomy Radical Vulvectomy Radiation Vulvectomy Biologic Therapy	Hospitals & Clinics Research & Academic Institutes Others	North America Europe Asia Pacific South America Middle East & Africa

Report Scope:

In this report, the Global Vulvar Cancer Market has been segmented into the following categories, in addition to the industry trends which have also been detailed below:

• Vulvar Cancer Market , By Cancer Type:

• Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma
• Vulvar Melanoma
• Adenocarcinoma
• Basal Cell Carcinoma

• Vulvar Cancer Market , By Treatment Type:

• Chemotherapy
• Surgery
• Laser Surgery
• Excision
• Skinning Vulvectomy
• Radical Vulvectomy
• Radiation Vulvectomy
• Biologic Therapy

• Vulvar Cancer Market , By End-User:

• Hospitals & Clinics
• Research & Academic Institutes
• Others

• Vulvar Cancer Market , By Region:

• North America
• United States
• Canada
• Mexico
• Europe
• France
• United Kingdom
• Italy
• Germany
• Spain
• Asia Pacific
• China
• India
• Japan
• Australia
• South Korea
• South America
• Brazil
• Argentina
• Colombia
• Middle East & Africa
• South Africa
• Saudi Arabia
• UAE