Cholera Vaccines Market - Global Industry Size, Share, Trends, Opportunity, and Forecast, Segmented By Type (Whole cell V. Cholerae O1 Recombinant With B-Subunit and Killed Oral O1 & O139), By Product (Vaxchora, Dukoral, Shanchol, and Others), By Distribution Channel (Hospital Pharmacy, Retail Pharmacy and Others), By Region and Competition, 2020-2030F

Market Overview

Global Cholera Vaccines Market was valued at USD 97.32 Million in 2024 and is expected to reach USD 166.50 Million by 2030 with a CAGR of 9.32% during the forecast period.

The global cholera vaccine market is driven by several factors, including the rising frequency of cholera outbreaks, especially in regions with poor sanitation and limited access to clean water. Climate change and natural disasters, such as floods, as well as ongoing conflicts, further contribute to the spread of the disease. The development of more effective vaccines, with improved efficacy, longer-lasting protection, and convenient administration methods like single-dose regimens, has boosted market demand. The support of governments and international organizations funding vaccination programs helps accelerate efforts to combat cholera globally. The increased movement of people due to global travel also raises the risk of disease transmission, further driving the need for cholera vaccination to prevent outbreaks.

Key Market Drivers

Rising Frequency of Cholera Outbreaks
The increasing frequency of cholera outbreaks, particularly in regions with poor sanitation and inadequate healthcare infrastructure, is one of the primary factors driving the global cholera vaccine market. Cholera, a highly contagious waterborne disease caused by the Vibrio cholerae bacterium, spreads rapidly in environments where access to clean water is limited, and waste disposal practices are inadequate. Countries with low-income economies, especially those in Sub-Saharan Africa, parts of South Asia, and the Middle East, are seeing frequent cholera outbreaks that put populations at high risk. The World Health Organization (WHO) has released global cholera statistics for 2023, revealing an alarming rise in both cases and deaths. Reported cholera cases increased by 13%, while deaths surged by 71% compared to 2022. Over 4,000 people lost their lives to a disease that is preventable and easily treatable. A total of 45 countries reported cases in 2023, up from 44 the previous year and 35 in 2021. Notably, 38% of the reported cases were among children under five years of age. Cholera, an acute intestinal infection, spreads through contaminated food and water, with communities lacking proper sanitation being the most affected.

These regions experience cholera outbreaks during seasonal shifts, often after natural disasters such as floods or droughts, which compromise water quality and sanitation systems. For example, post-flood environments have been particularly problematic, with cholera bacteria thriving in contaminated water sources. Cholera outbreaks place a significant strain on local health systems and can lead to widespread morbidity and mortality. Consequently, governments and health organizations recognize the urgent need to prevent the spread of cholera, leading to increased vaccine demand. Vaccination is a critical preventative strategy, especially in high-risk regions. When outbreaks are more common, both local governments and international organizations ramp up efforts to ensure that cholera vaccines are distributed widely and quickly to prevent further infection and fatalities. Therefore, the rising frequency of cholera outbreaks directly increases the need for vaccines as an essential measure to curb the disease and protect public health.

Climate Change and Extreme Weather Events
Climate change has exacerbated the occurrence and severity of extreme weather events like floods, hurricanes, and droughts, all of which contribute to the spread of waterborne diseases such as cholera. The changing climate patterns have led to unpredictable weather conditions, including increased rainfall and flooding, particularly in regions that are already vulnerable due to weak infrastructure. Flooding can contaminate water supplies, making safe drinking water scarce and causing rapid spread of cholera bacteria in communities with poor sanitation. For instance, following intense rains or tropical storms, cholera outbreaks have been frequently observed in affected areas as waterborne pathogens are spread through contaminated water sources. In addition, rising temperatures and altered rainfall patterns affect the survival and distribution of Vibrio cholerae, the bacterium that causes cholera, making certain regions more susceptible to outbreaks. The intensity and frequency of extreme weather events are only expected to increase, creating a more consistent threat of cholera outbreaks in regions that are most affected by climate change. As a result, governments, humanitarian organizations, and health authorities are increasingly focused on vaccination as an effective measure to mitigate the risk of cholera, particularly in flood-prone and vulnerable regions. This heightened concern for public health in the wake of climate change has led to an increase in cholera vaccine procurement and distribution, further driving market demand for preventive solutions.

Inadequate Sanitation and Clean Water Access
In many parts of the world, particularly in developing countries, the lack of access to adequate sanitation and clean drinking water remains a major public health challenge. Poor sanitation, coupled with contaminated water sources, provides the perfect breeding ground for waterborne diseases like cholera. Without functioning sewage systems, solid waste is often left untreated, contaminating local water supplies and making it easier for cholera bacteria to spread. In rural and marginalized urban areas, access to safe drinking water is limited, and water is often drawn from unsanitary sources such as rivers, ponds, or wells, which are susceptible to contamination. Many of the countries most affected by cholera are already struggling with issues of water scarcity and inadequate infrastructure, particularly in regions like sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. In these settings, cholera vaccination programs become even more essential as a means to protect populations who lack access to safe drinking water and sanitation systems. While improving infrastructure is a long-term solution, vaccination is an immediate, effective way to reduce the risk of outbreaks and protect vulnerable populations. In areas where sanitation and water infrastructure are lacking, the widespread use of cholera vaccines is seen as a crucial tool in preventing outbreaks and controlling the disease, especially when the basic conditions for disease prevention are not met.

Advancements in Vaccine Development
The development of more effective and accessible cholera vaccines has been a key driver of the global cholera vaccine market. Over the years, advancements in vaccine technology have made cholera vaccines more reliable, cost-effective, and easier to distribute. Oral cholera vaccines (OCVs) are particularly significant, as they offer a more convenient mode of administration compared to injectable vaccines. The development of oral vaccines has made it easier to vaccinate large populations, especially in hard-to-reach areas where healthcare access is limited. In March 2024, the International Vaccine Institute (IVI) began transferring technology for the simplified Oral Cholera Vaccine (OCV-S) to Biological E, a vaccine manufacturer based in Hyderabad. The technology transfer is expected to be completed by 2025, with the goal of boosting the production of affordable cholera vaccines for both India and international markets.

Newer cholera vaccines are more stable and require less stringent storage conditions, making it easier to transport and distribute them in resource-poor settings. This is especially important in countries where cold chain infrastructure is underdeveloped. The increased durability and longer shelf life of modern vaccines reduce logistical challenges and the costs associated with their distribution. Recent improvements in vaccine formulations have led to longer-lasting immunity, which means fewer booster doses are required, reducing overall vaccination costs. These advancements in vaccine technology not only make cholera vaccination campaigns more practical but also more effective, driving global demand as countries and health organizations recognize the value of preventing outbreaks before they occur.

Government and International Organization Support
Governments and international organizations play a critical role in supporting cholera vaccination campaigns. Efforts to combat cholera have received increased attention from global health agencies such as the World Health Organization (WHO), UNICEF, and Médecins Sans Frontières, which have been instrumental in providing financial aid, resources, and logistical support for cholera vaccination efforts. In October 2024, the Indian Council of Medical Research and the National Institute for Research in Bacterial Diseases partnered to launch a pilot project in West Bengal. The initiative aimed to vaccinate approximately 50,000 individuals with Euvichol-Plus.

In many cases, these organizations fund vaccine procurement and distribution, especially in low-income countries that lack the resources to manage large-scale vaccination campaigns. International organizations also help to coordinate the efforts of national governments, NGOs, and health workers in the fight against cholera, ensuring that vaccines reach those in greatest need. Global initiatives like the Global Task Force on Cholera Control (GTFCC) are focused on reducing cholera deaths and controlling outbreaks through the strategic use of vaccines, sanitation improvements, and public health measures. Governments are increasingly recognizing the value of vaccination as part of a broader public health strategy to prevent the spread of infectious diseases, contributing to a greater push for cholera vaccines. These coordinated efforts and the backing of influential international organizations have been crucial in expanding the reach of cholera vaccination programs worldwide, leading to greater market demand and access.

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Key Market Challenges

Logistical and Supply Chain Barriers
One of the significant challenges to cholera vaccination campaigns is the logistical complexity of vaccine distribution. Many cholera-endemic regions are remote, with limited access to transportation infrastructure, making it difficult to distribute vaccines efficiently. Vaccines often require specific storage conditions, such as refrigeration, which may not be feasible in low-resource settings with inadequate cold chain infrastructure. Political instability, conflicts, and natural disasters can disrupt supply chains and delay vaccination efforts. In regions where cholera outbreaks occur in areas with poor infrastructure, vaccines may not reach the target populations in time to prevent widespread infection. The logistical challenges associated with transporting and storing vaccines in such conditions can limit the effectiveness of vaccination campaigns and prevent the full potential of cholera vaccination from being realized.

Vaccine Hesitancy and Public Perception
Despite the availability of effective cholera vaccines, vaccine hesitancy remains a significant obstacle in many regions, particularly where the population is not fully aware of the risks associated with cholera or the benefits of vaccination. In some areas, misconceptions about vaccine safety or efficacy can deter individuals from getting vaccinated, leading to lower coverage rates and leaving large portions of the population vulnerable to outbreaks. Religious beliefs, cultural factors, and mistrust of foreign medical interventions may also contribute to resistance to vaccination campaigns. Overcoming these barriers requires concerted efforts in health education and awareness, but even with extensive outreach, convincing communities to adopt vaccination may take time, hindering the effectiveness of prevention strategies.

Inadequate Health Infrastructure in Low-Income Regions
In many cholera-endemic areas, especially in sub-Saharan Africa and parts of South Asia, the lack of robust health infrastructure poses a significant challenge to vaccination efforts. These regions often face a shortage of healthcare workers, inadequate healthcare facilities, and insufficient medical supplies. This limits the ability of governments and health organizations to implement large-scale vaccination campaigns effectively. Healthcare systems in these areas may struggle to handle an influx of cases during cholera outbreaks, further straining resources and making it more difficult to deliver vaccines in a timely manner. Without proper infrastructure, even well-developed vaccination programs can fall short in terms of reaching at-risk populations or ensuring the full coverage required to contain outbreaks.

Key Market Trends

Increased Global Travel and Mobility
As global travel continues to increase, the risk of infectious diseases, including cholera, spreading across borders has grown. International travel and migration expose individuals to areas with active cholera outbreaks, raising the risk of the disease being transmitted across regions and even continents. Countries with high volumes of international travelers, such as those in Europe, the United States, and the Middle East, are increasingly emphasizing the importance of cholera vaccination to protect travelers and prevent the global spread of the disease. Governments and health authorities have recognized the need for pre-travel vaccinations, particularly for those visiting endemic regions, as a measure to reduce the likelihood of outbreaks in non-endemic areas. In August 2024, Bharat Biotech announced the launch of its new oral cholera vaccine, Hillchol, following successful results from phase 3 trials. Developed under a license from Singapore's Hilleman Laboratories, Bharat Biotech will produce the vaccine with an annual capacity of 200 million doses.

As more people travel to countries where cholera remains endemic, the demand for cholera vaccines has risen, leading to greater adoption of vaccination protocols. This increased mobility of populations has contributed to the expansion of the cholera vaccine market, prompting more global health initiatives and vaccination programs designed to safeguard international travelers from the risk of contracting and spreading cholera.

Emerging Partnerships and Collaborative Initiatives

The global cholera vaccine market is also being driven by new partnerships and collaborative initiatives between governments, the private sector, and international organizations. Public-private partnerships have led to the development and distribution of more affordable cholera vaccines, making them more accessible to low- and middle-income countries. In January 2025, the district of Nakonde in northern Zambia launched a cholera vaccination campaign aimed at reaching 191,153 people in response to recent outbreaks. Public awareness initiatives were carried out, and all necessary preparations were made to ensure the proper administration of the vaccine.

These partnerships help reduce the financial burden on governments and health organizations while ensuring that the vaccines reach the populations who need them most. Collaborative initiatives, such as those led by the GTFCC and other stakeholders, have facilitated the pooling of resources and expertise to tackle cholera in a coordinated manner. These initiatives promote the integration of vaccination efforts with broader public health strategies, including improvements in sanitation, water management, and disease surveillance. By leveraging combined expertise and resources, these collaborations accelerate the delivery of cholera vaccines to vulnerable populations, ultimately driving market demand.

Segmental Insights

Type Insights

Based on the Type, the killed oral cholera vaccines targeting O1 and O139 strains are more widely used and dominate the market due to their proven safety, efficacy, and practical advantages in large-scale vaccination campaigns. The killed oral cholera vaccines, such as Dukoral and Shanchol, which are the most commonly used in public health interventions, have been extensively used in cholera-endemic regions. These vaccines are based on inactivated Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 strains, offering broad protection against the two most common serogroups responsible for cholera outbreaks worldwide. These vaccines are administered orally and are relatively easy to distribute in areas with limited healthcare infrastructure. The convenience of oral administration is a significant factor in their widespread use, as they do not require trained healthcare professionals to inject them, making them ideal for mass immunization campaigns, especially in rural and remote areas. These vaccines are proven to offer high efficacy, with studies showing them to significantly reduce the incidence of cholera, particularly in areas where the disease is endemic or during outbreaks. The Dukoral vaccine, for instance, has demonstrated high levels of protection (about 85% in the first few years), especially when administered before a potential outbreak.

On the other hand, the whole-cell Vibrio cholerae O1 recombinant with B-subunit vaccine, while also effective, has not achieved the same widespread adoption as the killed oral vaccines. This vaccine type is based on a recombinant version of the Vibrio cholerae O1 strain combined with a B-subunit protein that enhances the immune response. Although the recombinant B-subunit vaccines have shown promising results in clinical trials and offer good protection against cholera, they are often less favored in large-scale vaccination campaigns. One of the reasons for this is the more complex manufacturing process required to produce the recombinant vaccine, which can increase costs and reduce the overall affordability for governments and health organizations, particularly in low-income settings. Whole-cell vaccines, despite being effective, may cause more side effects compared to the killed vaccines, including gastrointestinal discomfort or mild reactions, which can affect their acceptability among certain populations. In contrast, the killed oral vaccines have been shown to have fewer side effects and are generally better tolerated, contributing to their higher preference.

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Regional Insights

Asia Pacific was dominating the global cholera vaccines market. This dominance can be attributed to the high prevalence of cholera outbreaks in several countries within the region, coupled with a growing awareness of the need for preventive measures, including vaccination. Cholera remains a significant public health issue in many countries in Asia, particularly in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and parts of the Middle East, where the disease is endemic or experiences seasonal outbreaks.

The Asia Pacific region, particularly countries like India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Myanmar, faces recurring cholera outbreaks due to a combination of factors such as poor sanitation, limited access to clean drinking water, and densely populated areas. For instance, in India, where cholera is endemic in several states, outbreaks often follow periods of heavy monsoon rains, which can overwhelm sanitation systems and lead to the contamination of water supplies. The high burden of cholera in these countries has led to greater demand for cholera vaccines as a preventive measure. Governments and health organizations have increasingly prioritized vaccination campaigns to control outbreaks, and oral cholera vaccines, such as Shanchol and Dukoral, have been widely used to immunize populations in high-risk areas.

Recent Developments

• In April 2024, EuBiologics Co., Ltd. announced that its new cholera vaccine, Euvichol-S, had received WHO prequalification and is now available for distribution to countries worldwide. According to UNICEF, the total supply of oral cholera vaccines reached approximately 50 million doses in 2024, up from 38 million doses in 2023. As a result, this new product is expected to help EuBiologics Co., Ltd. produce larger volumes of vaccines at a more cost-effective rate.
• In February 2023, Emergent BioSolutions Inc. formed a partnership with Bavarian Nordic, acquiring the rights to the Vaxchora vaccine. The deal also included the acquisition of Emergent’s manufacturing facility in Bern, Switzerland, as well as other sites in San Diego, California. Additionally, approximately 280 Emergent employees are expected to join Bavarian Nordic as part of the agreement.
• In October 2024, Zambia signed a memorandum of understanding with China to establish the first cholera vaccine manufacturing plant in South Africa. The project, valued at USD 37 million, will produce three million doses through a joint venture between the Zambia Industrial Development Corporation and Jijia International Medical Technology Corporation. This collaboration is expected to play a significant role in driving the growth of the cholera vaccine market in China.
• In September 2024, Bavarian Nordic announced the availability of Vaxchora, the only single-dose oral vaccine approved in Canada. To ensure safety during international travel, Canada is expanding its vaccination programs. As a result, the establishment of new guidelines for citizens is expected to boost the growth potential of the cholera vaccine market in Canada.

Key Market Players

• Valneva SE
• Sanofi S.A.
• Emergent BioSolutions Inc.
• EuBiologics Co., Ltd.
• Shantha Biotechnics Limited
• Hilleman Laboratories Singapore Pte Ltd
• Astellas Pharma Inc.
• Incepta Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
• Bharat Biotech Ltd.
• Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited

Report Scope:

In this report, the Global Cholera Vaccines Market has been segmented into the following categories, in addition to the industry trends which have also been detailed below:

• Cholera Vaccines Market, By Type:

o   Whole cell V. Cholerae O1 Recombinant With B-Subunit

o   Killed Oral O1 & O139

• Cholera Vaccines Market, By Product:

o   Vaxchora

o   Dukoral

o   Shanchol

o   Others

• Cholera Vaccines Market, By Distribution Channel:

o   Hospital Pharmacy

o   Retail Pharmacy

o   Others

• Cholera Vaccines Market, By Region:

o   North America

§  United States

§  Canada

§  Mexico

o   Europe

§  France

§  United Kingdom

§  Italy

§  Germany

§  Spain

o   Asia-Pacific

§  China

§  India

§  Japan

§  Australia

§  South Korea

o   South America

§  Brazil

§  Argentina

§  Colombia

o   Middle East & Africa

§  South Africa

§  Saudi Arabia

§  UAE

Competitive Landscape

Company Profiles: Detailed analysis of the major companies present in the Global Cholera Vaccines Market.

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Company Information

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