United States Electric Mobility Market, By Product Type (Electric Scooter, Electric Motorcycle, Electric Car), By Battery Type (Sealed Lead Acid, NiMH, Li-ion), By Voltage (24V, 36V, 48V, Greater than 48V), By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2020-2030F

Market Overview

United States Electric Mobility market was valued at USD 59.67 Billion in 2024 and is expected to reach USD 123.19 Billion by 2030 with a CAGR of 12.8% during the forecast period. The United States electric vehicle (EV) mobility market is witnessing robust growth, propelled by a confluence of environmental mandates, advancing battery technologies, consumer awareness, and evolving urban mobility preferences. A critical growth factor is the national and state-level push to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and combat climate change, prompting the electrification of both personal and shared mobility. The federal government’s investment through tax credits, subsidies, and the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law has accelerated the deployment of EVs across multiple categories, from compact scooters and motorcycles to full-sized electric cars. Private sector momentum is equally strong, with major automakers ramping up EV portfolios and startups innovating in lightweight urban mobility solutions. Another key driver is the ongoing decline in lithium-ion battery costs and improvements in energy density, which have significantly enhanced vehicle range and affordability, making EVs more accessible to mainstream consumers. Urbanization trends, coupled with growing traffic congestion and fuel price volatility, are encouraging users to shift toward electric scooters and motorcycles for short-distance travel and last-mile connectivity, particularly among younger, environmentally conscious populations.

Key Market Drivers

Government Incentives and Regulatory Push Toward Decarbonization

The U.S. government has emerged as one of the strongest drivers of EV mobility through a comprehensive framework of incentives, mandates, and climate-driven regulations. From the federal level down to state and city administrations, policies are designed to shift consumers and manufacturers toward zero-emission mobility solutions. The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 continued the federal EV tax credit program, offering up to $7,500 in credits for qualifying electric cars, and a $3,750 credit for certain battery components sourced domestically. Some states, like California, offer additional incentives up to $2,000–$7,000 through initiatives such as the Clean Vehicle Rebate Project (CVRP) and Equity Rebate Programs, targeting low- and middle-income households.

California’s Advanced Clean Cars II regulations, adopted in 2022, mandate 100% zero-emission new vehicle sales by 2035, setting a clear trajectory for the market. Several other states—including New York, Oregon, Washington, and Massachusetts—have aligned with similar goals. On the commercial and two-wheeler front, local incentives such as reduced registration fees, toll exemptions, and access to high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes are accelerating adoption of electric scooters and motorcycles for both personal and delivery use. Moreover, the federal government has pledged USD 7.5 billion toward building a national EV charging infrastructure as part of the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law, which is crucial for consumer confidence and convenience. These strong policy signals not only reduce upfront costs but also stimulate innovation, private investment, and long-term supply chain development across battery manufacturing, vehicle assembly, and software integration.

Rapid Advancements in Battery Technology and Lower Operating Costs

A second major driver is the technological maturation of EV powertrains, especially in the domain of battery performance, durability, and affordability. Lithium-ion battery costs have plummeted by more than 85% since 2010, and are expected to dip below $100 per kWh within the next few years. This has drastically narrowed the cost gap between electric and internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. In the two-wheeler segment, improved battery energy densities now allow electric scooters and motorcycles to offer ranges of 60–120 miles per charge, with fast-charging capabilities that reduce downtime for urban commuters and delivery professionals. For consumers and fleet operators alike, total cost of ownership (TCO) is emerging as a decisive factor. EVs boast 70–80% lower fuel costs per mile compared to gasoline vehicles and require significantly less maintenance, as they lack components like oil filters, transmissions, and spark plugs. The average annual maintenance for an electric car in the U.S. is approximately $330, versus $792 for a conventional vehicle (source: U.S. Department of Energy, 2023). These savings are even more pronounced for scooters and motorcycles, where high-frequency usage and lower component complexity lead to quicker returns on investment. As battery recycling and reuse ecosystems expand, the long-term residual value of EVs is also improving, reducing buyer hesitation and enhancing resale confidence. Furthermore, the integration of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) and battery-swapping technologies—particularly in scooters and motorcycles—is opening new business models such as pay-as-you-go charging and battery-as-a-service (BaaS), further reducing upfront costs. These innovations not only enhance usability but also help de-risk battery degradation concerns, making EV ownership a more financially viable and sustainable choice.

Urbanization, Changing Mobility Preferences, and Micro-Mobility Growth

The third key driver lies in the changing urban mobility landscape and evolving consumer preferences. With nearly 83% of Americans living in urban areas, congestion, parking limitations, and environmental awareness are fueling the shift from private gas-powered vehicles to compact, efficient electric mobility options. Electric scooters and motorcycles are particularly well-suited for short urban commutes and last-mile logistics, offering nimble navigation, easy parking, and zero tailpipe emissions. The popularity of shared electric scooter platforms like Bird, Lime, and Revel demonstrates a growing appetite for micro-mobility solutions among Gen Z and Millennials, who prioritize sustainability and cost-efficiency over car ownership.

Cities are responding in kind by redesigning public spaces and transport policies. Urban areas like New York, San Francisco, and Austin have introduced dedicated e-scooter lanes, micro-mobility parking zones, and charging hubs, enabling a more integrated and safe EV experience. According to the National Association of City Transportation Officials (NACTO), Americans took over 130 million shared micro-mobility trips in 2023, many of them on electric two-wheelers. This number is expected to rise as infrastructure and accessibility improve.

At the same time, the gig economy—driven by platforms like Uber Eats, DoorDash, and Amazon Flex—is creating massive demand for low-cost, high-efficiency EV solutions. Electric motorcycles and scooters provide gig workers with affordable transportation and high uptime, particularly when combined with battery-swapping networks. As cities commit to sustainable transportation goals and consumers increasingly value environmentally responsible choices, the cultural and infrastructural shift toward EVs is rapidly accelerating. This convergence of urbanization, digital connectivity, and lifestyle preferences is expected to sustain high growth in the U.S. EV mobility market through 2030

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Key Market Challenges

Insufficient Charging Infrastructure and Grid Readiness

One of the most pressing challenges facing the EV mobility market in the U.S. is the inadequate charging infrastructure, particularly for electric two-wheelers and micro-mobility vehicles. While the number of charging stations has increased in recent years—surpassing 160,000 Level 1, Level 2, and DC fast chargers nationwide as per the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)—the pace of deployment still lags behind the surging demand for electric vehicles. This shortfall is especially acute in rural areas, lower-income urban neighborhoods, and along secondary road networks where public charging remains sparse or completely absent. For electric scooters and motorcycles, which often lack the range and onboard charging capacities of electric cars, the scarcity of dedicated charging stations presents a barrier to both personal ownership and fleet-based shared mobility services. Moreover, while federal investments through the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act have earmarked $7.5 billion for EV charging, many states face bureaucratic and logistical delays in rolling out these programs. Another critical factor is grid preparedness. With millions of new EVs expected to be operational by 2030, existing local grids may struggle to handle the surge in electricity demand, particularly during peak hours. Without smart grid integration, load balancing, and renewable energy infusion, grid bottlenecks could undermine the reliability of EV usage. This is particularly concerning for electric two-wheeler and fleet operators who rely on consistent uptime and fast charging to maintain productivity. The lack of interoperability standards among different charging networks also adds to consumer frustration, discouraging new adopters from switching to EVs.

High Upfront Costs and Affordability Gaps for Two-Wheelers and Entry-Level Segments

Despite federal and state incentives, the initial purchase cost of electric vehicles—especially electric scooters and motorcycles—remains a significant barrier for middle- and lower-income consumers. While electric cars like the Chevrolet Bolt and Nissan Leaf have benefitted from scale efficiencies and tax credits, the same cannot be said for most two-wheelers and low-speed electric vehicles. Many electric scooters and motorcycles are still priced higher than their internal combustion engine (ICE) counterparts due to high battery and electronics costs, making them less attractive to cost-conscious buyers. The lack of federal tax credits specific to electric motorcycles (with exceptions such as the recently revived 2-wheeler credit under Section 30D for certain manufacturers) further deepens this affordability gap. This is especially problematic in the urban micro-mobility segment, where consumers and shared mobility platforms rely on low-cost vehicles with quick returns on investment. For delivery riders, gig workers, and students—the primary users of e-scooters and e-motorcycles—spending $2,000 to $6,000 on an EV without robust financing options or subsidies can be cost-prohibitive. Moreover, banks and NBFCs (non-banking financial companies) remain cautious in lending to first-time electric vehicle buyers, perceiving higher default risks due to the uncertain resale value of EVs and battery degradation concerns. Although leasing and battery-as-a-service models are emerging to reduce the upfront burden, their penetration remains limited. Without targeted affordability programs for the entry-level EV segment, a large portion of potential adopters may remain locked out of the transition.

Consumer Perception, Technological Trust, and After-Sales Support Gaps

A persistent challenge in the U.S. EV mobility market is the issue of consumer skepticism regarding the performance, reliability, and longevity of electric vehicles—particularly in the two-wheeler segment. While electric cars have increasingly proven their mettle in range, speed, and comfort, consumer confidence in scooters and motorcycles remains comparatively low. A 2024 survey by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) found that nearly 52% of respondents considering an electric motorcycle or scooter cited concerns over limited range, battery life, and lack of roadside support. This is exacerbated by the fact that many EV two-wheeler startups are relatively new, with limited brand recognition, sparse service networks, and uncertain parts availability. In addition, concerns around battery degradation, replacement costs, and resale value continue to hinder market penetration. Unlike ICE vehicles, EVs are still perceived as having “experimental” or short-lived utility. Battery warranties vary widely, and the lack of clear standards around battery certification and recycling adds to consumer hesitation. Moreover, the availability of trained mechanics and technicians for EV repair and servicing remains limited outside of major metropolitan areas. Consumers who buy EV scooters or motorcycles often struggle to find reliable after-sales service, especially if the vehicle is not purchased from a major OEM like Honda or Harley-Davidson. This lack of ecosystem readiness—spanning from roadside assistance and insurance products to diagnostics and firmware updates—undermines long-term consumer trust and impedes word-of-mouth adoption.

Key Market Trends

Rise of Battery Swapping and Modular Battery Ecosystems

A growing trend in the U.S. EV mobility sector, particularly among electric scooters and motorcycles, is the emergence of battery swapping and modular battery architectures. This innovation addresses two major concerns: long charging times and range anxiety. Unlike electric cars, two-wheelers are ideal candidates for battery swapping due to their smaller and lighter power packs. Companies like Gogoro (Taiwan-based, entering U.S. trials) and U.S. startups such as Ample are exploring modular, swappable battery stations to serve dense urban centers where street-side or at-home charging may not be feasible. Battery swapping allows users—especially delivery riders and fleet operators—to replace a depleted battery with a fully charged one in under two minutes, ensuring high uptime and efficient utilization. This trend is particularly attractive for shared micro-mobility services and e-commerce logistics. Moreover, battery-as-a-service (BaaS) models emerging from this ecosystem reduce upfront costs for buyers and improve battery lifecycle management through centralized diagnostics and charging optimization. What’s especially significant is how battery-swapping infrastructure is beginning to influence vehicle design. OEMs are developing platforms that accommodate standardized battery cartridges, enhancing interoperability. As this model gains traction and industry consortia push for common standards (e.g., the International Electrotechnical Commission’s efforts), the swappable battery trend could drastically redefine the cost structure and user experience of the EV mobility market in the U.S. over the coming years.

Integration of Smart Features and Connected Mobility Platforms

Another defining trend is the increased integration of digital connectivity and smart features in electric vehicles, from entry-level scooters to luxury electric cars. As EVs transition from mechanical to software-defined machines, the convergence of telematics, AI, and cloud connectivity is reshaping the ownership experience. Today’s EVs increasingly come equipped with GPS tracking, app-based diagnostics, predictive maintenance alerts, anti-theft systems, geo-fencing, remote locking, and ride behavior analytics. Electric scooters and motorcycles—particularly in the shared mobility and fleet segment—are leveraging Internet of Things (IoT) modules and fleet management software to track performance, usage patterns, and energy consumption. For example, Lime and Bird use real-time location data, usage analytics, and AI-based fleet balancing algorithms to optimize operations in over 100 U.S. cities. Meanwhile, traditional auto manufacturers such as Ford (with its Mach-E) and Tesla offer over-the-air (OTA) updates, voice control, and vehicle integration with smart home systems.

This trend is also enabling usage-based insurance (UBI) and pay-per-mile subscriptions, making EV mobility more accessible and customizable for users. As 5G networks expand and edge computing becomes mainstream, expect the connected EV experience to further evolve with features like vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, real-time traffic updates, ride-sharing integration, and even autonomous capabilities for high-end models. The push for smarter, safer, and more convenient mobility will continue to differentiate EVs from legacy ICE vehicles.

Expansion of Shared Mobility and Subscription-Based Ownership Models

The U.S. electric mobility market is witnessing a significant shift toward shared, subscription-based, and service-led ownership models, particularly in urban and suburban areas. The traditional idea of car ownership is giving way to Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) platforms, supported by a younger population that prioritizes access over ownership. Electric scooters and motorcycles are especially benefiting from this change, as they align with the short-distance, low-cost mobility needs of students, gig workers, and urban dwellers.

Companies like Revel, Veo, Spin, and Tier are scaling electric two-wheeler sharing platforms, while auto OEMs and tech companies are launching EV car subscriptions with flexible plans. For instance, Hyundai’s Evolve+ and Tesla’s leasing services are experimenting with monthly EV access, covering insurance, maintenance, and charging in a single package. These models appeal to users who want flexibility without long-term financial commitments, while allowing companies to monetize vehicles over their lifecycle. Fleet-based usage is another accelerating trend. EVs are increasingly being deployed by last-mile delivery platforms (Amazon, Uber Eats, Doordash), enabled by their low operating costs and emissions compliance. These services benefit from EVs’ lower fuel and maintenance requirements, while improving their sustainability credentials. Additionally, city governments are offering pilot programs and financial incentives for shared fleets, especially for two-wheeler and low-speed electric vehicles. This trend is also fostering second-life opportunities for EVs. Decommissioned ride-share EVs are being refurbished and leased to individuals at discounted rates, extending the life of electric mobility and improving accessibility. In the long term, subscription models are likely to bring in economies of scale for charging infrastructure and after-sales services as well.

Segmental Insights

Product Type Insights

In United States, electric cars dominate the U.S. EV mobility market in terms of revenue and market share. Their versatility, broad consumer base, and continuous technological advancement have made them the most established segment. High investment in infrastructure, strong policy backing (e.g., Inflation Reduction Act incentives), and competitive innovation by manufacturers reinforce their leadership. Electric cars represent the most established and widely recognized segment in the EV mobility ecosystem. This segment is home to players like Tesla, Ford, Chevrolet, and Rivian, which are investing aggressively in product diversification, range extension, and autonomous driving features. Electric cars appeal to a broader audience ranging from urban commuters to long-distance travelers and fleet operators. Models like the Tesla Model 3, Ford Mustang Mach-E, and Chevy Bolt have helped accelerate public interest through improved range, performance, and charging infrastructure. Government tax credits, the expansion of nationwide charging networks like Electrify America, and high consumer awareness are also bolstering demand. Electric cars are increasingly viewed as mainstream alternatives to internal combustion vehicles, particularly as fuel prices rise and environmental concerns become central to consumer decision-making.

Battery Type Insights

In United States, the Lithium-ion is the leading battery type across all product categories. It powers the majority of EVs sold in the U.S. and dominates due to its high performance, long life, and continuous cost reductions. OEMs, startups, and policymakers are aligning toward lithium-ion to ensure efficiency, reliability, and scalability. Lithium-ion batteries are the cornerstone of the modern EV mobility ecosystem. With superior energy density, faster charging capability, longer lifecycle, and declining costs, they power nearly all premium and mid-range electric vehicles today. Whether in electric scooters, motorcycles, or cars, lithium-ion batteries support advanced features such as regenerative braking, telematics integration, and rapid acceleration. Their scalability, efficiency, and compatibility with fast-charging networks make them indispensable to both individual buyers and fleet operators. Additionally, advances in lithium-iron-phosphate (LFP) and nickel-cobalt-manganese (NCM) chemistries continue to extend performance parameters. As battery manufacturing scales up domestically under federal support, the cost-performance ratio of lithium-ion batteries is expected to improve further.

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Regional Insights

In United States, The West region, particularly California, leads the United States EV mobility market in terms of adoption, infrastructure, and innovation. California alone accounts for nearly 40% of all EV registrations in the country, driven by aggressive zero-emission policies, strong consumer awareness, and robust charging infrastructure. The state's Advanced Clean Cars Program and recent ban on sales of new gasoline cars by 2035 have significantly accelerated EV adoption. Urban centers like Los Angeles, San Diego, and San Francisco also serve as hubs for electric scooter and shared mobility fleets, further expanding micro-mobility options. Additionally, the presence of key EV manufacturers like Tesla and a large number of clean tech startups makes the West region a magnet for investment, R&D, and early product rollouts. With a progressive regulatory framework, state-level incentives, and dense charging networks, the West continues to be the leading region in EV mobility by a substantial margin.

Recent Developments

• In 2025, Tesla successfully executed its first fully autonomous delivery of a Model Y to a customer in Texas, completing highway driving at speeds up to 72 mph without human intervention. This milestone underscores Tesla’s progress toward commercializing its Full Self‑Driving tech.
• In 2025, Phoenix Motor Inc. unveiled the MEV2/LSV, a California-assembled low-speed electric delivery vehicle with 120-mile range and DC fast charging. The vehicle targets the last-mile delivery market via a Fleet‑as‑a‑Service model including leasing, charging, and telematics.
• In 2025, Hero MotoCorp’s Vida VX2 electric scooter launches with a Battery‑as‑a‑Service (BaaS) model, easing cost barriers—marking Hero’s strategic entry into U.S. urban micromobility.
• In 2025, BRP’s Can‑Am brand released two all-new electric motorcycles, Pulse and Origin, offering 90–100 mile urban range and fast 50‑minute charging. These models target both commuters and dual‑sport riders in the U.S. market,
• In 2025, Honda introduced its CUV e:, a mid-range electric scooter aimed at bridging mopeds and motorcycles. With twice the power and range of predecessors, it supports Honda’s global plan for ten electric two-wheelers by 2025.

Key Market Players

• Kia Corporation
• Tesla, Inc
• Hyundai Motor Company
• Segway Inc.
• Yadea Technology Group Co., Ltd.
•  Zero Motorcycles, Inc.
•  BAIC Automotive Group Co., Ltd.
• Harley-Davidson Motor Company Group, Inc.
• Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.
• Bird Rides Inc.

Report Scope:

In this report, the United States Electric Mobility market has been segmented into the following categories, in addition to the industry trends which have also been detailed below:

• United States Electric Mobility Market, By Product Type:

o   Electric Scooter 

o   Electric Motorcycle

o   Electric Car

• United States Electric Mobility Market, By Battery Type:

o   Sealed Lead Acid 

o   NiMH

o   Li-ion

• United States Electric Mobility Market, By Voltage:

o   24 V

o   36 V

o   48 V

o   Greater than 48 V

• United States Electric Mobility Market, By Region:

o   Northeast Region

o   South Region

o   Mid-West Region

o   West Region

Competitive Landscape

Company Profiles: Detailed analysis of the major companies presents in the United States Electric Mobility market.

Available Customizations:

United States Electric Mobility market report with the given market data, TechSci Research offers customizations according to a company's specific needs. The following customization options are available for the report:

Company Information

• Detailed analysis and profiling of additional market players (up to five).

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