Castleman Disease Treatment Market - Global Industry Size, Share, Trends, Opportunity, and Forecast, Segmented By Disease Type (Multicentric Castlemans Disease, Unicentric Castlemans Disease), By Indication (Angiofollicular Lymph Node Hyperplasia, Angiomatous Lymphoid, Castleman Tumor, Giant Benign Lymphoma, Giant Lymph Node Hyperplasia, Hamartoma of the Lyphatics), By Therapy (Antiviral Drugs, Chemotherapy, Corticosteroids, Immunotherapy, Monoclonal Antibodies, Radiation Therapy), By End-user (Hospitals, Ambulatory Surgical Centers, Others), By Region, and By Competition 2021-2031F

Forecast Period	2027-2031
Market Size (2025)	USD 0.28 Billion
CAGR (2026-2031)	10.87%
Fastest Growing Segment	Multicentric Castleman's Disease
Largest Market	North America
Market Size (2031)	USD 0.52 Billion

Market Overview

The Global Castleman Disease Treatment Market will grow from USD 0.28 Billion in 2025 to USD 0.52 Billion by 2031 at a 10.87% CAGR. The Global Castleman Disease Treatment Market encompasses a range of pharmaceutical interventions, including monoclonal antibodies, corticosteroids, and cytotoxic chemotherapy agents, designed to manage unicentric and multicentric lymphoproliferative disorders. The primary drivers supporting market growth include the enhanced precision of diagnostic protocols through biomarker identification and favorable regulatory frameworks that grant orphan drug status to emerging therapies. These fundamental drivers facilitate the commercialization of treatments for rare conditions by reducing development barriers and providing market exclusivity, distinct from transient adoption trends.

Despite these advancements, the market encounters a significant challenge due to the disease's scarcity and the complexity of correctly identifying patients, which restricts the addressable market size. According to the Castleman Disease Collaborative Network, in 2024, there were an estimated 4,300 to 5,200 new cases diagnosed annually in the United States. This limited patient pool creates substantial difficulties for pharmaceutical companies in recruiting for clinical trials and achieving economies of scale, potentially impeding the financial viability of new drug development.

Key Market Drivers

Advancements in novel targeted biologics and immunotherapies are the primary engine for market expansion, fundamentally shifting treatment paradigms from broad immunosuppression to precise cytokine inhibition. The commercial success of monoclonal antibodies, particularly those targeting Interleukin-6 (IL-6), demonstrates the high value of disease-modifying therapies in managing idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease (iMCD). This therapeutic shift is not only improving patient outcomes but also driving substantial revenue growth for key pharmaceutical stakeholders, thereby incentivizing further investment. According to Recordati, February 2025, in the 'Preliminary Results for Full Year 2024', the company's Hema-Oncology franchise, which anchors the market's leading biologic treatment, achieved a net revenue of €253.2 million, reflecting a robust 26.1% increase driven by the continued uptake of these targeted therapies.

Simultaneously, the expansion of clinical trials and strategic R&D collaborations is broadening the understanding of disease mechanisms, directly fueling the development pipeline and diagnostic accuracy. Increased research activity is critical for identifying novel therapeutic targets beyond IL-6, such as the JAK/STAT pathway, and for refining patient stratification. This surge in investigative momentum is evident in the growing volume of scientific output; according to BioSpace, November 2025, in the 'Recordati Rare Diseases to Share New Data at the American Society of Hematology (ASH) Meeting', researchers presented nine new poster presentations detailing advances in artificial intelligence models for histopathology and real-world evidence. Furthermore, refined disease classification is uncovering previously undiagnosed patient segments. According to the Castleman Disease Collaborative Network, Spring 2025, in the 'Spring 2025 Edition' newsletter, recent research identified a new "Oligocentric" subtype, revealing that approximately 15% of patients fall on a spectrum between unicentric and multicentric forms, thereby expanding the potential addressable market for tailored interventions.

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Key Market Challenges

The scarcity of Castleman disease cases and the inherent complexity of identifying patients fundamentally hamper market growth by severely restricting the addressable patient population. Because the condition’s symptoms frequently mimic other lymphoproliferative disorders, accurate diagnosis is often delayed or missed entirely. This diagnostic inefficiency means that a significant portion of the actual prevalence pool remains untreated, thereby reducing the potential revenue base for pharmaceutical developers and making the return on investment for high-cost orphan drug development difficult to justify.

Furthermore, the geographically dispersed nature of the diagnosed population creates substantial logistical hurdles for clinical trial execution. Recruiting sufficient participants to generate statistically significant data becomes a prolonged and resource-intensive process, which delays regulatory approval and subsequent market entry. This fragmentation is evident in recent patient engagement metrics. According to the Castleman Disease Collaborative Network, in 2024, their annual global summit was attended by approximately 200 patients and loved ones. This figure, representing only a small fraction of the estimated annual new cases, underscores the immense difficulty developers face in aggregating the necessary patient cohorts to achieve economies of scale and accelerate market expansion.

Key Market Trends

The emergence of JAK inhibitors for refractory cases represents a critical evolution in the market, addressing the substantial patient population that does not achieve remission with standard anti-IL-6 biologic therapies. Pharmaceutical developers are increasingly prioritizing oral small-molecule agents, such as ruxolitinib, to bridge the therapeutic gap for patients with idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease (iMCD) who are unresponsive to monoclonal antibodies. This focus on alternative mechanisms is driven by the limited real-world penetration of current approved treatments; according to Consult QD, February 2025, in the 'Study Offers New Insights into Idiopathic Multicentric Castleman Disease' article, a claims-based analysis presented at the ASH conference revealed that siltuximab was utilized in only 22% of patients, underscoring a vast unmet need for novel agents to manage the remaining majority.

Concurrently, the market is shifting toward proteomics-guided precision medicine, utilizing artificial intelligence to identify non-obvious therapeutic targets by analyzing the complete protein landscape of individual patients. This trend moves beyond broad cytokine blockade towards a model where treatments are matched to specific proteomic signatures, facilitating the rapid repurposing of existing drugs for new indications. This data-driven approach is yielding actionable clinical candidates; according to The ASCO Post, February 2025, in the 'Using AI to Identify Treatment Options for Castleman Disease' article, a novel AI tool evaluated 4,000 existing medications and identified the TNF inhibitor adalimumab as a top-predicted treatment, a finding subsequently validated by the detection of elevated TNF signaling levels in severe cases.

Segmental Insights

The Multicentric Castleman's Disease segment is currently experiencing the fastest expansion within the Global Castleman Disease Treatment Market due to the increasing adoption of targeted systemic therapies. Unlike the unicentric form which is often resolvable through surgery, this variant affects multiple regions and requires continuous pharmacological management. Growth is primarily driven by the commercialization of specific biologics approved by regulatory authorities, such as the US Food and Drug Administration, which address the underlying inflammatory pathways. Furthermore, improved diagnostic guidelines from the Castleman Disease Collaborative Network have enhanced patient identification, thereby fueling the sustained demand for these specialized treatments.

Regional Insights

North America holds the leading position in the Global Castleman Disease Treatment Market, supported by a robust healthcare infrastructure that facilitates early and accurate diagnosis of rare lymphoproliferative disorders. This dominance is reinforced by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, which incentivizes therapeutic innovation through orphan drug designations and accelerated review processes. Additionally, strategic research initiatives led by the Castleman Disease Collaborative Network have significantly improved clinical trial participation and treatment guidelines within the region. The presence of major pharmaceutical companies and favorable reimbursement policies for high-cost biologics further consolidates North America’s status as the primary revenue generator in this sector.

Recent Developments

• In December 2025, Recordati Rare Diseases presented the results of the BURDEN-iMCD study at the 67th American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting in Orlando. This retrospective, real-world analysis utilized administrative claims data to quantify the substantial morbidity and economic burden associated with idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease. The study highlighted that patients with iMCD experienced a significantly higher prevalence of severe complications, including renal and respiratory dysfunction, compared to matched controls, resulting in healthcare costs that were over seven times higher. The findings underscored the critical importance of early diagnosis and optimized disease management to mitigate these extensive burdens.
• In December 2025, Recordati Rare Diseases and ARUP Laboratories introduced a novel artificial intelligence-based model for the grading of Castleman disease histopathology at the American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting. The proof-of-concept machine learning tool was developed to automatically recognize and score characteristic histological features in lymph node tissue samples, addressing the challenges of inconsistency and subjectivity in traditional manual diagnosis. By comparing the AI model's predictions with expert consensus, the companies demonstrated the feasibility of using digital pathology to enhance diagnostic precision and consistency for this complex and rare lymphoproliferative disorder.
• In April 2025, researchers supported by Recordati Rare Diseases and the Castleman Disease Collaborative Network identified a new subtype of the condition known as Oligocentric Castleman Disease (OligoCD). This breakthrough, published in Blood Advances, redefined the clinical understanding of the disease spectrum by characterizing a distinct group of patients who present with regional lymphadenopathy and mild symptoms, separating them from the unicentric and multicentric classifications. The discovery, facilitated by data from the ACCELERATE natural history registry funded by the company, provided a foundation for developing more targeted treatment guidelines and improving diagnostic accuracy for this patient population.
• In February 2025, Incyte and the Castleman Disease Collaborative Network (CDCN) announced the launch of a new clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of ruxolitinib in patients with idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease (iMCD). This Phase 2 trial was designed to assess the potential of the JAK1/2 inhibitor as a treatment option for iMCD patients who had previously failed or did not respond adequately to anti-interleukin-6 (IL-6) therapies, such as siltuximab or tocilizumab. The collaboration aimed to address the significant unmet medical need for patients with refractory disease by leveraging Incyte’s established expertise in JAK inhibition.

Key Market Players

• F Hoffmann-La Roche AG
• Novartis AG
• AstraZeneca PLC
• Pfizer Inc
• Sanofi SA
• Johnson & Johnson
• AbbVie Inc
• Allergan UnLtd Co
• Merck & Co., Inc.
• Bayer AG

By Disease Type	By Indication	By Therapy	By End-user	By Region
Multicentric Castleman's Disease Unicentric Castleman's Disease	Angiofollicular Lymph Node Hyperplasia Angiomatous Lymphoid Castleman Tumor Giant Benign Lymphoma Giant Lymph Node Hyperplasia Hamartoma of the Lyphatics	Antiviral Drugs Chemotherapy Corticosteroids Immunotherapy Monoclonal Antibodies Radiation Therapy	Hospitals Ambulatory Surgical Centers Others	North America Europe Asia Pacific South America Middle East & Africa

Report Scope:

In this report, the Global Castleman Disease Treatment Market has been segmented into the following categories, in addition to the industry trends which have also been detailed below:

• Castleman Disease Treatment Market, By Disease Type:

• Multicentric Castleman's Disease
• Unicentric Castleman's Disease

• Castleman Disease Treatment Market, By Indication:

• Angiofollicular Lymph Node Hyperplasia
• Angiomatous Lymphoid
• Castleman Tumor
• Giant Benign Lymphoma
• Giant Lymph Node Hyperplasia
• Hamartoma of the Lyphatics

• Castleman Disease Treatment Market, By Therapy:

• Antiviral Drugs
• Chemotherapy
• Corticosteroids
• Immunotherapy
• Monoclonal Antibodies
• Radiation Therapy

• Castleman Disease Treatment Market, By End-user:

• Hospitals
• Ambulatory Surgical Centers
• Others

• Castleman Disease Treatment Market, By Region:

• North America
• United States
• Canada
• Mexico
• Europe
• France
• United Kingdom
• Italy
• Germany
• Spain
• Asia Pacific
• China
• India
• Japan
• Australia
• South Korea
• South America
• Brazil
• Argentina
• Colombia
• Middle East & Africa
• South Africa
• Saudi Arabia
• UAE