Wind Turbine Decommissioning Market - Global Industry Size, Share, Trends, Opportunity, and Forecast, Segmented By Service Type (Project Management, Recycling and Waste Management, Asset Recovery, Transportation and Logistics, Dismantling and Removal), By Turbine Capacity (Less than 1 MW, 1–2 MW, 2–5 MW, Above 5 MW), By Location (Onshore, Offshore), By Region & Competition, 2020-2030F

Market Overview

Global Wind Turbine Decommissioning Market was valued at USD 1.02 billion in 2024 and is expected to reach USD 2.91 billion by 2030 with a CAGR of 18.93% during the forecast period.

The Wind Turbine Decommissioning Market refers to the specialized industry involved in the safe dismantling, removal, recycling, and site restoration of wind turbines that have reached the end of their operational lifespan or are being replaced by more advanced technologies. As the global focus on renewable energy intensifies, a significant number of wind turbines, particularly those installed in the early 2000s, are approaching their decommissioning phase. This trend is expected to drive substantial growth in the market.

Decommissioning involves several stages, including planning, structural disassembly, material transportation, waste management, and land restoration. Companies are increasingly adopting environmentally responsible methods, such as recycling composite materials and reusing components, to align with circular economy principles. Furthermore, regulatory authorities in several regions are mandating stringent environmental compliance, which has led to increased demand for specialized decommissioning services.

The rise in offshore wind installations, which require more complex and costly decommissioning processes due to challenging marine conditions, is also contributing to market expansion. Additionally, the potential for repowering—replacing old turbines with newer, more efficient models is creating parallel opportunities for stakeholders. This transition supports governments' decarbonization goals and helps utilities maintain renewable energy capacity without developing new land. The market is witnessing technological advancements in dismantling techniques, such as robotic disassembly and digital project planning tools, enhancing operational efficiency and safety. Europe currently leads the market due to its early adoption of wind energy, followed by North America and parts of Asia Pacific.

Key Market Drivers 

Aging Wind Turbine Infrastructure Reaching End-of-Life

The Wind Turbine Decommissioning Market is experiencing significant growth due to the increasing number of wind turbines reaching the end of their operational lifespan, typically 20-25 years, necessitating dismantling and site restoration. As the global wind energy sector, which began its rapid expansion in the late 1990s and early 2000s, matures, a substantial portion of early-generation turbines, particularly in Europe and North America, are becoming obsolete or less efficient compared to modern designs. These aging turbines, often smaller and less productive, are being decommissioned to make way for repowering initiatives or to comply with regulatory requirements for site remediation.

The process involves dismantling turbine components, including blades, towers, and nacelles, and managing hazardous materials like lubricants and electrical components to ensure environmental compliance. The surge in decommissioning activities is driven by the need to maintain the sustainability of wind energy infrastructure while addressing safety concerns related to structural deterioration. In regions like Germany and Denmark, where wind energy adoption was pioneered, the volume of turbines requiring decommissioning is particularly high, creating a robust demand for specialized services. Additionally, the push for circular economy principles encourages responsible disposal and recycling of turbine materials, further fueling market growth. This driver is critical as it aligns with global renewable energy goals, ensuring that end-of-life management supports the long-term sustainability of wind power projects.

According to WindEurope, over 34,000 wind turbines in Europe alone are expected to require decommissioning by 2030, with approximately 14,000 already over 15 years old as of 2023. In the U.S., more than 8,000 turbines installed before 2005 are approaching end-of-life, driving an estimated 1,500 decommissioning projects annually by 2025, with each project involving the removal of 2-3 turbines on average.

Stringent Environmental Regulations and Sustainability Mandates

The Wind Turbine Decommissioning Market is being propelled by increasingly stringent environmental regulations and sustainability mandates that require responsible end-of-life management of wind turbines. Governments worldwide are implementing policies to ensure that decommissioned turbines are dismantled and disposed of in an environmentally friendly manner, minimizing ecological impact and promoting circular economy practices.

These regulations mandate the safe handling of composite materials, such as fiberglass blades, and the proper disposal of hazardous substances like hydraulic fluids and heavy metals found in turbine components. In Europe, where wind energy adoption is widespread, directives such as the EU Waste Framework Directive emphasize recycling and waste reduction, pushing operators to adopt sustainable decommissioning practices. This regulatory pressure is driving demand for specialized decommissioning services that can efficiently dismantle turbines, recycle valuable materials like steel and copper, and explore innovative solutions for hard-to-recycle components like blades.

The focus on sustainability also aligns with corporate social responsibility goals, as energy companies seek to maintain public and stakeholder trust by demonstrating environmentally responsible practices. As global awareness of environmental issues grows, the need for compliant decommissioning processes is becoming a critical factor, particularly in mature wind markets like Europe and North America, where large volumes of turbines are nearing the end of their service life.

The European Union’s Waste Framework Directive targets a 70% recycling rate for non-hazardous waste by 2030. In 2023, approximately 85% of wind turbine components (by weight), such as steel towers and copper wiring, were recycled in Europe, but only 8% of composite blades were effectively recycled, highlighting the need for advanced recycling solutions to manage an estimated 2.5 million tons of blade waste globally by 2050.

Advancements in Turbine Recycling and Material Recovery Technologies

Technological advancements in recycling and material recovery are significantly driving the Wind Turbine Decommissioning Market by addressing the challenge of managing complex turbine components, particularly composite blades. Innovations such as chemical recycling, pyrolysis, and mechanical processing are enabling the recovery of valuable materials like carbon fiber and glass fiber from blades, which were previously landfilled due to recycling difficulties. These technologies reduce the environmental footprint of decommissioning and align with global sustainability goals, making the process more cost-effective and attractive to operators.

Additionally, advancements in dismantling techniques, such as the use of drones and robotic systems, improve safety and efficiency by providing precise assessments of turbine conditions before decommissioning.

The development of standardized blade designs, as seen in projects like Decom Blades, facilitates easier disassembly and recycling, further driving market growth. These innovations are critical in regions with high decommissioning volumes, such as Europe, where regulatory pressure for sustainable waste management is intense. By reducing costs and environmental impact, these technologies are encouraging investment in decommissioning infrastructure and fostering partnerships between wind energy companies and recycling firms, positioning the market for sustained expansion.

In 2024, the Decom Blades project in Denmark achieved a 90% material recovery rate for wind turbine blades using advanced chemical recycling, processing 1,200 tons of blade waste. Globally, recycling innovations are projected to handle 500,000 tons of decommissioned blade material annually by 2030, with 30% of recovered materials reused in construction and manufacturing sectors, reducing landfill dependency.

Growth in Repowering Initiatives for Enhanced Efficiency

The Wind Turbine Decommissioning Market is being driven by the growing trend of repowering, where older, less efficient wind turbines are decommissioned to make way for newer, more powerful models that maximize energy output on existing sites. Repowering is particularly prevalent in mature wind markets like Germany, Denmark, and the U.S., where prime wind locations are already occupied, and operators seek to capitalize on technological advancements in turbine design.

By replacing smaller, outdated turbines with larger, more efficient ones, operators can significantly increase energy production while utilizing existing infrastructure, such as grid connections and foundations. This process requires comprehensive decommissioning services to dismantle and remove old turbines, manage waste, and prepare sites for new installations. The economic benefits of repowering, including higher energy yields and lower maintenance costs, are driving demand for decommissioning services, as operators prioritize upgrading aging wind farms.

Additionally, the resale of decommissioned turbines to secondary markets in developing regions, where they can operate for an additional 8-10 years, further incentivizes decommissioning activities. This driver underscores the market’s role in facilitating the transition to more efficient and sustainable wind energy systems.

In 2023, repowering projects in Germany replaced 1,200 aging turbines with new models, increasing capacity by 2.5 gigawatts while decommissioning 3,000 megawatts of older capacity. Globally, repowering initiatives are expected to decommission 5,000 turbines annually by 2027, with 60% of these turbines repurposed for secondary markets, generating USD500 million in resale value.

Download Free Sample Report

Key Market Challenges

High Cost and Financial Uncertainty of Decommissioning

One of the most significant challenges facing the Wind Turbine Decommissioning Market is the high cost and financial uncertainty associated with dismantling and removing wind energy infrastructure. The decommissioning process includes numerous cost-intensive phases such as site assessment, procurement of dismantling equipment, transportation of heavy components, recycling or disposal of turbine blades and other materials, and land restoration. These processes are not only labor-intensive but also require advanced machinery and technical expertise. Moreover, cost estimation remains inconsistent due to the variability in turbine size, location, and site-specific conditions.

Offshore wind turbines, for instance, involve even greater costs due to marine logistics, specialized vessels, and compliance with environmental regulations in marine ecosystems. Additionally, many early wind power projects did not include decommissioning provisions in their financial planning, which has led to gaps in funding for end-of-life management. Asset owners are increasingly facing pressure from regulators and communities to fund decommissioning through escrow accounts or financial guarantees, which may strain their operational budgets.

The uncertainty of scrap material values, evolving environmental disposal rules, and inflation in labor and equipment costs further complicate accurate budgeting. These financial constraints may delay or deter timely decommissioning, posing risks to environmental safety and public perception of wind energy as a sustainable solution.

Technical Complexity and Environmental Challenges

The technical complexity and environmental risks involved in decommissioning wind turbines present another major hurdle for the market. Wind turbines are large, complex structures made from various materials, including composites, metals, and hazardous substances. Safely dismantling them without causing environmental harm requires precise engineering and execution. Blade materials, which often include fiberglass-reinforced composites, pose a major challenge as they are not easily recyclable and can release harmful dust if not properly handled.

Offshore wind farms introduce additional technical complexities, including underwater cable removal, foundation disassembly, and safe navigation in variable weather conditions. These activities require compliance with stringent environmental regulations to minimize harm to marine life and local ecosystems. Moreover, the lack of standardized guidelines for decommissioning practices across regions can lead to inconsistent environmental outcomes.

There is also a growing need for skilled labor and advanced technologies, such as automated disassembly systems and digital mapping tools, to ensure safe and efficient operations. Failure to manage these technical and environmental issues effectively may result in project delays, increased costs, and potential legal or reputational liabilities for stakeholders. The industry must invest in research, training, and innovation to overcome these barriers and meet evolving regulatory and sustainability expectations.

Key Market Trends

Emergence of Circular Economy Practices in Wind Turbine Decommissioning

The global shift toward sustainable development and environmental responsibility is significantly influencing the wind turbine decommissioning market. One of the most prominent trends emerging in this landscape is the adoption of circular economy principles, which emphasize the reuse, refurbishment, and recycling of wind turbine components. Traditionally, end-of-life turbines were dismantled and disposed of in landfills. However, increasing pressure from regulatory bodies and environmental organizations has led to the development of advanced recycling and repurposing solutions. The blades, typically composed of fiberglass-reinforced composites, are difficult to dispose of, but new technologies are now enabling their conversion into raw materials for construction, cement production, and even furniture design.

Major wind energy companies are collaborating with specialized waste management firms to establish closed-loop supply chains. These alliances aim to extract maximum value from decommissioned assets while minimizing environmental impact. Furthermore, steel from towers, copper from generators, and rare earth elements from turbine magnets are now being recovered at higher rates due to improved dismantling procedures. This trend not only reduces the ecological footprint but also generates secondary revenue streams for decommissioning contractors and asset owners. In addition, governments in Europe and North America are providing financial and regulatory incentives to promote circular decommissioning practices. These incentives are further encouraging market players to invest in research and infrastructure related to recycling technologies. As the installed base of aging turbines continues to grow globally, especially in early-adopter markets like Germany, Denmark, and the United States, circular economy frameworks will become an integral part of the strategic roadmap for the wind turbine decommissioning market.

Rise in Offshore Wind Turbine Decommissioning Activitie

Another significant trend reshaping the wind turbine decommissioning market is the increasing focus on offshore decommissioning projects. The offshore wind sector, which saw substantial expansion in the early 2000s, is now reaching a phase where many first-generation turbines are approaching the end of their operational lifecycles. Decommissioning offshore turbines presents unique challenges due to their remote locations, complex foundations, and harsh marine environments. However, the industry is responding with specialized vessels, remotely operated equipment, and innovative dismantling techniques tailored for offshore conditions

Countries such as the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and Germany—home to some of the oldest offshore wind farms—are actively formulating and implementing decommissioning frameworks. Regulatory clarity in these regions is driving structured planning for offshore asset removal, including environmental impact assessments and waste management protocols. Additionally, advances in digital technologies are facilitating more efficient project management through predictive maintenance analytics, remote inspection tools, and digital twin models. These tools allow operators to assess turbine conditions before deployment, thereby improving logistical planning and reducing operational risks. The involvement of oil and gas service providers, who bring decades of offshore decommissioning experience, is also boosting capabilities in the offshore wind space.

Moreover, the offshore segment is attracting significant capital investment, as energy companies aim to repurpose decommissioned sites for newer, more efficient turbine installations. This trend is contributing to the development of comprehensive lifecycle management services encompassing installation, operation, and eventual decommissioning. As offshore wind continues to be a key contributor to global renewable energy goals, the demand for specialized offshore decommissioning solutions will grow exponentially, solidifying this trend in the long term.

Integration of Robotics and Artificial Intelligence in Decommissioning Operations

The integration of advanced technologies such as robotics and artificial intelligence is emerging as a transformative trend in the wind turbine decommissioning market. These technologies are revolutionizing how turbines are inspected, dismantled, and recycled by enhancing safety, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. Traditional decommissioning processes often involve labor-intensive tasks performed in hazardous conditions, especially at elevated heights or offshore sites. Robotics, including drones and autonomous dismantling tools, are now being deployed to reduce human intervention in high-risk activities. These machines can perform blade cutting, bolt removal, and component disassembly with precision, thereby improving operational safety and reducing downtime.

Artificial intelligence algorithms are increasingly being used to analyze structural integrity, predict equipment failures, and optimize decommissioning schedules. Predictive analytics tools can assess turbine performance data and historical maintenance records to identify the most opportune time for dismantling, thus avoiding unexpected breakdowns or financial losses. In addition, digital platforms are being used to create 3D models of turbines and simulate various decommissioning scenarios, allowing stakeholders to plan more efficiently.

Technology providers are collaborating with energy companies to develop customized solutions tailored to specific turbine models and site conditions. These collaborations are leading to innovations such as modular dismantling robots and smart recycling systems that segregate materials automatically. The use of such technologies also supports compliance with increasingly stringent regulatory and environmental standards by ensuring traceability and accountability throughout the decommissioning process.

Furthermore, the adoption of artificial intelligence and robotics is driving down operational costs, making decommissioning more economically viable for older wind farms with limited financial returns. As the wind energy industry matures and more assets reach the end of their lifecycle, technological integration will become a standard practice, fundamentally changing how decommissioning is approached across both onshore and offshore installations.

Segmental Insights

Service Type Insights

In 2024, the Dismantling and Removal segment emerged as the dominant category in the Wind Turbine Decommissioning Market and is expected to maintain its leadership position during the forecast period. This segment involves the physical disassembly and extraction of wind turbines, including blades, towers, nacelles, and other components from their installation sites. The process demands specialized equipment, highly skilled labor, and strict adherence to environmental and safety standards. The dominance of this segment is primarily attributed to the rising number of aging wind energy installations across Europe, North America, and select parts of Asia Pacific that have reached or are nearing the end of their operational lifecycle.

Additionally, the expansion of government regulations mandating the safe decommissioning of renewable energy infrastructure has intensified the demand for professional dismantling and removal services. Companies within this segment are leveraging advanced dismantling technologies such as modular disassembly, robotic cutting, and crane-assisted deconstruction to enhance operational efficiency while minimizing environmental disruption. Moreover, with the scaling-up of offshore wind projects, particularly in regions such as the United Kingdom, Denmark, and China, there is an increasing need for dismantling and removal services that can operate in complex marine environments.

These offshore projects involve higher costs and technical challenges, further boosting the market share of experienced dismantling contractors. Furthermore, the growing emphasis on circular economy practices and environmental stewardship is encouraging asset owners to partner with dismantling service providers that offer safe and sustainable removal solutions.

The segment also benefits from long-term service agreements and framework contracts with utilities and energy developers, ensuring consistent revenue streams. As the global wind energy infrastructure continues to expand and mature, the necessity of systematically dismantling end-of-life turbines is expected to grow substantially, thereby reinforcing the dominance of the Dismantling and Removal segment in the Wind Turbine Decommissioning Market throughout the forecast period.

Turbine Capacity Insights

In 2024, the 2–5 Megawatt turbine capacity segment dominated the Wind Turbine Decommissioning Market and is projected to maintain its leading position throughout the forecast period. This dominance is primarily due to the widespread deployment of 2–5 Megawatt wind turbines during the early phases of global wind energy expansion, particularly between 2005 and 2015, across key regions such as Europe, North America, and parts of Asia Pacific. Many of these turbines are now approaching or have exceeded their operational life expectancy of twenty to twenty-five years, necessitating structured decommissioning activities.

The 2–5 Megawatt capacity turbines represent a significant portion of installed wind capacity globally, especially in onshore wind farms, which are easier and more economical to decommission compared to offshore projects. Additionally, the 2–5 Megawatt segment involves a balanced scale of disassembly and logistics, making it commercially viable for service providers to offer cost-efficient dismantling, removal, and recycling solutions. The increasing pressure on asset owners to replace aging mid-sized turbines with more advanced and efficient models, including those above 5 Megawatts, is further driving the decommissioning of this segment.

Moreover, regulatory frameworks across developed economies are enforcing stricter guidelines for end-of-life turbine management, which has boosted the engagement of project developers and operators in the decommissioning of turbines within the 2–5 Megawatt range. The technological and logistical standardization of turbines in this category also contributes to streamlined decommissioning procedures, which reduces cost, time, and environmental impact.

As sustainability goals and repowering initiatives continue to intensify, the need to systematically retire and replace this category of turbines will remain strong. Therefore, the 2–5 Megawatt turbine capacity segment is expected to sustain its dominance in the Wind Turbine Decommissioning Market over the coming years, driven by its vast existing base, favorable economics, and regulatory compliance requirements.

Download Free Sample Report

Regional Insights

Largest Region

In 2024, the Asia Pacific region dominated the Wind Turbine Decommissioning Market and is expected to maintain its dominance throughout the forecast period. This leadership position is primarily driven by the rapid industrialization, robust infrastructure development, and widespread adoption of renewable energy technologies across key countries such as China, India, Japan, and South Korea. The region is experiencing a surge in energy demand due to expanding urban populations, the rise of manufacturing activities, and increasing consumption in commercial and residential sectors.

To meet this escalating demand while addressing environmental concerns, governments in the Asia Pacific region are heavily investing in clean energy projects, including large-scale solar photovoltaic plants, wind farms, and hydroelectric stations. These projects require efficient and advanced power conversion systems to ensure smooth energy transmission and grid stability. Additionally, the growing penetration of electric vehicles and development of associated charging infrastructure further propel the demand for Wind Turbine Decommissionings.

The presence of several leading manufacturers and suppliers of power electronics and energy systems in the region also contributes to its dominant position. Moreover, favorable government policies, including subsidies, tax incentives, and supportive regulatory frameworks, are encouraging private sector investments in energy conversion technologies. The Asia Pacific region also benefits from ongoing technological innovations and economies of scale, which enable cost-effective production and deployment of Wind Turbine Decommissionings.

Increasing cross-border power trade and the development of smart grid infrastructure are further strengthening the need for efficient power conversion equipment. As countries in the region strive to enhance energy security, improve grid reliability, and reduce carbon emissions, the demand for advanced Wind Turbine Decommissionings is projected to rise steadily. This ensures that the Asia Pacific region will not only sustain its leadership in the Wind Turbine Decommissioning Market but also drive the next wave of innovation and growth across the global energy landscape during the forecast period.

Emerging Region

In 2024, the Middle East and Africa region emerged as a promising and emerging market for wind turbine decommissioning, driven by increasing investments in renewable energy infrastructure and a growing number of aging wind energy assets. Although traditionally not a dominant player in global wind energy deployment, this region is witnessing a gradual shift as countries such as South Africa, Morocco, Egypt, and Saudi Arabia expand their wind power capacity to meet energy diversification goals and carbon neutrality targets. As first-generation wind farms in these areas approach the end of their operational lifecycle, the need for structured and sustainable decommissioning practices is becoming increasingly critical.

Furthermore, many of these countries are beginning to establish regulatory frameworks for renewable energy asset management, which now include decommissioning protocols and end-of-life strategies. The emergence of environmental compliance norms and circular economy principles is also encouraging the development of local decommissioning supply chains, including recycling, asset recovery, and transportation services. International partnerships and technical collaborations with European and Asian decommissioning firms are helping build regional expertise and infrastructure, which are essential to support the growing need for systematic dismantling and removal of obsolete wind turbines.

Additionally, the scarcity of land and the push for repowering old wind sites with newer, more efficient technology are compelling wind farm operators to undertake proper decommissioning to optimize space and performance. With international funding agencies supporting energy transition efforts, the Middle East and Africa regions are likely to see a steady rise in decommissioning projects over the forecast period. These dynamics underscore the region’s transformation from a nascent participant to an active contributor in the global wind turbine decommissioning landscape, making it a focal point for future investments and technology transfer in this specialized domain.

Recent Development

• In June 2025, ABB introduced the AMXE Marine Motor, a cutting-edge electric propulsion system designed specifically for the challenging conditions of marine environments. This next-generation solution is tailored for small to mid-sized vessels operating in corrosive and high-stress settings. With advanced engineering and robust materials, the AMXE Marine Motor enhances performance, durability, and energy efficiency, supporting the maritime sector's transition toward sustainable propulsion technologies while addressing operational reliability in harsh coastal and offshore applications.
• In May 2025, ABB announced the acquisition of a 93 percent stake in BrightLoop, a France-based expert in advanced direct current to direct current conversion technologies for electric mobility, marine propulsion, and demanding industrial environments. This strategic move strengthens ABB’s position in delivering compact, rugged, and efficient power conversion solutions. The acquisition enhances ABB’s offerings in key sectors such as electric ferries and heavy-duty industrial vehicles, supporting the transition toward cleaner and more reliable electrified transportation systems.
• In December 2024, ABB revealed its plan to acquire the power electronics division of Gamesa Electric from Siemens Gamesa. Set to finalize in the second half of 2025, the acquisition includes over 100 engineers, two manufacturing sites in Madrid and Valencia, and about 400 employees. This strategic move enhances ABB’s renewable power conversion portfolio—covering wind converters, solar inverters, and battery energy storage systems—while adding approximately 40 gigawatts of serviceable installed base to its global operations.
• In November 2024, Offshore Energies United Kingdom introduced detailed guidelines for offshore wind turbine removal, aiming to standardize best practices across the industry. These benchmarks focus on ensuring strong environmental safeguards and structured technical planning during decommissioning activities. The new standards address key concerns related to offshore wind asset removal, including safety, sustainability, and compliance. By providing a unified framework, the guidelines are expected to support efficient and responsible turbine dismantling efforts in the growing offshore wind sector.

Key Market Players

• Veolia Environnement S.A.
• GE Vernova
• Vestas Wind Systems A/S
• Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy, S.A.
• DNV AS
• RES Group (Renewable Energy Systems)
• Fred. Olsen Renewables
• TPI Composites, Inc.
• Aker Solutions ASA
• ABB Ltd.

Report Scope:

In this report, the Global Wind Turbine Decommissioning Market has been segmented into the following categories, in addition to the industry trends which have also been detailed below:

•  Wind Turbine Decommissioning Market, By Service Type:

o   Project Management

o   Recycling and Waste Management

o   Asset Recovery

o   Transportation and Logistic

o   Dismantling and Removal

• Wind Turbine Decommissioning Market, By Turbine Capacity:

o   Less than 1 MW

o   1–2 MW

o   2–5 MW

o   Above 5 MW

• Wind Turbine Decommissioning Market, By Location:

o   Onshore

o   Offshore

• Wind Turbine Decommissioning Market, By Region:

o   North America

§  United States

§  Canada

§  Mexico

o   Europe

§  Germany

§  France

§  United Kingdom

§  Italy

§  Spain

o   South America

§  Brazil

§  Argentina

§  Colombia

o   Asia-Pacific

§  China

§  India

§  Japan

§  South Korea

§  Australia

o   Middle East & Africa

§  Saudi Arabia

§  UAE

§  South Africa

Competitive Landscape

Company Profiles: Detailed analysis of the major companies present in the Global Wind Turbine Decommissioning Market.

Available Customizations:

Global Wind Turbine Decommissioning Market report with the given market data, TechSci Research offers customizations according to a company's specific needs. The following customization options are available for the report:

Company Information

• Detailed analysis and profiling of additional market players (up to five).

Global Wind Turbine Decommissioning Market is an upcoming report to be released soon. If you wish an early delivery of this report or want to confirm the date of release, please contact us at [email protected]