North America Steam Methane Reforming Market By Distribution (Pipelines, Cryogenic Tanks), By End Use (Transportation, Chemicals, Others), By Country, Competition, Forecast and Opportunities, 2020-2030F

Market Overview

The North America Steam Methane Reforming Market was valued at USD 3.24 Billion in 2024 and is expected to reach USD 4.38 Billion by 2030 with a CAGR of 5.15% during the forecast period. Steam methane reforming in North America refers to a chemical process that uses high-temperature steam to extract hydrogen from methane, typically derived from natural gas, making it the most widely used and cost-effective method for large-scale hydrogen production.

This process plays a central role in industrial hydrogen supply, particularly for refineries, ammonia production, and chemical synthesis. The market for steam methane reforming in North America is poised for sustained growth due to increasing investments in hydrogen economy initiatives aimed at reducing carbon emissions and supporting energy transition goals. Governments and industries are focusing on low-carbon hydrogen as a key solution to replace conventional fossil fuel usage, especially in heavy industries and transport sectors. While conventional steam methane reforming emits carbon dioxide, the integration of carbon capture, utilization, and storage technologies is transforming this process into a cleaner solution, often termed "blue hydrogen."

The accelerating adoption of decarbonization strategies in the United States and Canada, including tax incentives, subsidies, and net-zero roadmaps, is reinforcing the appeal of steam methane reforming. In addition, the region's abundant natural gas reserves, coupled with well-established infrastructure for gas distribution and hydrogen production, provide a robust foundation for scaling up steam methane reforming operations. Industrial clusters along the Gulf Coast and key hubs in Alberta are actively expanding production facilities, aligning with global efforts to develop a competitive and export-ready hydrogen market.

Rising collaboration between public institutions and private stakeholders to deploy cleaner hydrogen technologies across manufacturing, mobility, and power generation sectors will bolster long-term market expansion. With increasing emphasis on sustainable industrial operations and the need for reliable hydrogen production methods, steam methane reforming is expected to remain a dominant contributor to North America’s hydrogen supply chain for the foreseeable future, supporting the region’s transition toward a low-carbon economy.

Key Market Drivers

Growing Hydrogen Demand in Industrial Applications Driving Steam Methane Reforming Adoption

The North America Steam Methane Reforming Market is experiencing substantial growth, primarily propelled by the accelerating demand for hydrogen across various industrial applications. Steam methane reforming remains the most widely utilized method for hydrogen production, and its dominance is deeply embedded in the infrastructure of numerous industries, including oil refining, ammonia production, methanol manufacturing, and metallurgy. In oil refineries, hydrogen is extensively used in hydrocracking and hydrotreating to eliminate sulfur and other impurities from crude oil, producing cleaner fuels that comply with environmental regulations. The region’s consistent refining output, particularly in the United States and Canada, has sustained the demand for reliable and large-scale hydrogen production, making steam methane reforming an indispensable process.

In the chemical sector, hydrogen is a critical input for producing ammonia and methanol, which serve as feedstocks for fertilizers, plastics, and other chemical derivatives. The robust agricultural and plastics industries in North America translate to a corresponding surge in hydrogen consumption, intensifying the reliance on steam methane reforming. Moreover, the metallurgical industry utilizes hydrogen in processes such as direct reduced iron production, offering a cleaner alternative to carbon-heavy methods. With industrial players increasingly aligning their operations with decarbonization targets, the need for low-emission hydrogen production pathways, including those that involve carbon capture and storage paired with steam methane reforming, is becoming more prominent.

As a cost-effective and mature technology, steam methane reforming is well-positioned to meet this demand surge, especially with regional initiatives promoting hydrogen as a transitional energy carrier. Governmental support in the form of infrastructure funding and industrial decarbonization incentives further strengthens the position of steam methane reforming in hydrogen supply chains. With industries demanding uninterrupted, high-purity hydrogen supply, the reliability and scalability of steam methane reforming technology remain unmatched. The expanding industrial appetite for hydrogen across North America continues to bolster the strategic importance of steam methane reforming, reinforcing its centrality in the region’s hydrogen economy. The United States produced approximately 10 million metric tons of hydrogen in 2023, of which over 95 percent was derived through steam methane reforming.

Natural Gas Abundance and Price Stability Facilitating Cost-Effective Hydrogen Production

The North America Steam Methane Reforming Market is significantly bolstered by the region’s abundant natural gas reserves and the relative price stability of this resource, which serves as the primary feedstock for steam methane reforming. The shale gas revolution, particularly in the United States, has led to a sharp increase in natural gas output, enhancing energy security and ensuring a stable supply for industrial processes that depend on methane. This surplus in natural gas production has translated into lower and more predictable prices, which directly lowers the operational cost of hydrogen production through steam methane reforming. Unlike alternative hydrogen production methods that rely on electricity or water electrolysis and are subject to energy price fluctuations and infrastructure limitations, steam methane reforming benefits from an established and widespread natural gas pipeline network that ensures feedstock accessibility and delivery efficiency.

The availability of competitively priced natural gas has allowed hydrogen producers to operate at scale while maintaining economic viability. Furthermore, the integration of carbon capture and storage with natural gas-based reforming processes offers an avenue for reducing emissions without significantly raising costs, making it an attractive option for industrial stakeholders looking to balance profitability with sustainability. This economic edge is particularly vital in sectors with high hydrogen requirements, where production cost plays a decisive role in technology adoption. The relatively lower carbon intensity of natural gas compared to coal or oil also positions it as a transitional energy source, further supporting the case for steam methane reforming. The favorable natural gas landscape in North America continues to underpin the economic foundation of steam methane reforming, ensuring that it remains the preferred pathway for large-scale hydrogen production across the region. The United States produced over 35 trillion cubic feet of natural gas in 2023, maintaining an average Henry Hub spot price below $3.00 per million British thermal units throughout the year.

Strategic Role of Hydrogen in Decarbonizing Hard-to-Abate Sectors Stimulating Reforming Investments

The growing recognition of hydrogen’s pivotal role in decarbonizing hard-to-abate sectors such as steel manufacturing, heavy-duty transport, and chemicals production is driving renewed investment in steam methane reforming technologies across North America. As policymakers and corporations pursue aggressive carbon reduction goals, hydrogen is increasingly viewed as an essential vector for enabling low-emission industrial processes where direct electrification is technologically or economically unfeasible. In the steel industry, for example, hydrogen can replace coal-based reduction methods, allowing for a significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions.

The scalability and maturity of steam methane reforming make it the most feasible pathway to meet this surge in hydrogen demand in the short to medium term, particularly when integrated with carbon capture to minimize environmental impact. Similarly, in the transport sector, hydrogen-powered fuel cells are emerging as a viable solution for decarbonizing long-haul trucks, buses, and rail systems, all of which require large volumes of high-purity hydrogen for continuous operation. The North American freight and logistics ecosystem, spanning thousands of miles and consuming vast amounts of diesel fuel, represents a prime opportunity for hydrogen substitution. With steam methane reforming offering the ability to produce hydrogen at scale and at competitive cost, it is the logical choice for meeting the fuel demands of these sectors during the transition phase.

The intersection of industrial decarbonization needs and technological readiness is positioning steam methane reforming as a linchpin in North America’s hydrogen strategy, ensuring its continued relevance even as alternative technologies evolve. North American steel manufacturers consumed over 80 million metric tons of raw materials in 2023, with hydrogen-based direct reduction projected to displace up to 30 percent of coal-based inputs by 2030.

Expansion of Hydrogen Export Infrastructure Catalyzing Investment in Reforming Facilities

The North America Steam Methane Reforming Market is gaining momentum from the strategic expansion of hydrogen export infrastructure, particularly liquefaction and port facilities designed to support the growing global demand for hydrogen. Countries such as Japan, South Korea, and Germany are actively seeking international partners to import low-carbon hydrogen as part of their national decarbonization agendas, and North America’s resource-rich landscape and geographic positioning make it an ideal supplier. Steam methane reforming, when paired with carbon capture, offers a cost-efficient and reliable method to produce export-ready hydrogen or ammonia derivatives that can be easily shipped to overseas markets.

The growing number of hydrogen export terminals along the Gulf Coast and Canadian seaboard reflects a strategic push to position North America as a leading hydrogen exporter. These terminals often integrate reforming plants directly into their operations to ensure a steady supply of liquefied hydrogen or hydrogen carriers. With international buyers demanding certified low-carbon hydrogen, project developers are investing heavily in steam methane reforming facilities that meet carbon intensity thresholds while leveraging the continent’s favorable energy and regulatory environment.

Long-term bilateral agreements between North American producers and foreign offtakers are de-risking large-scale reforming projects and providing the financial confidence necessary for capital deployment. The global hydrogen trade is expected to become a multi-billion-dollar industry, and North America is leveraging its natural gas reserves, technical expertise, and export logistics to dominate this emerging market. The interplay between domestic production and international export is fueling a new wave of investment in steam methane reforming infrastructure, reinforcing the market’s upward trajectory. North American ports had over 15 dedicated hydrogen export terminal projects under development, with combined export capacity exceeding 3 million metric tons of hydrogen annually.

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Key Market Challenges

High Carbon Emissions Undermining Long-Term Viability of Steam Methane Reforming Technology

One of the most critical challenges confronting the North America Steam Methane Reforming Market is its inherently high carbon dioxide emissions, which pose a fundamental threat to its long-term sustainability in an increasingly decarbonization-focused economy. Steam methane reforming, while technologically mature and economically efficient, releases significant volumes of carbon dioxide during the reforming and water-gas shift processes. As environmental regulations tighten and global climate agreements urge the phasing out of high-emission industrial processes, steam methane reforming faces mounting pressure to justify its continued use. This is particularly significant in North America, where federal and provincial governments are intensifying scrutiny on carbon-intensive operations, introducing emissions caps, and implementing carbon pricing mechanisms. These regulatory developments are not only raising operational costs for existing reformers but also introducing uncertainty for future investments, especially for companies that lack the infrastructure to integrate carbon capture and storage systems.

While carbon capture and storage offers a technological solution to mitigate emissions, its integration is capital-intensive and complex, requiring substantial retrofitting of existing steam methane reforming facilities and development of supporting pipeline and storage infrastructure. The economics of carbon capture and storage often remain prohibitive for mid-sized operators, resulting in an uneven playing field where only large-scale producers can afford to comply with emission mandates while maintaining profitability. Moreover, the availability of geologically suitable storage sites for captured carbon dioxide is limited and unevenly distributed across North America, creating regional disparities in the feasibility of implementing low-carbon steam methane reforming solutions. This structural limitation significantly hampers scalability and may ultimately render steam methane reforming nonviable in areas where carbon storage is infeasible. Consequently, the market risks contraction as stakeholders pivot to alternative hydrogen production technologies with inherently lower carbon footprints, such as electrolysis powered by renewable energy sources.

Intensifying Competition from Green Hydrogen Disrupting Market Demand Dynamics

The North America Steam Methane Reforming Market is increasingly challenged by the rapid technological advancement and falling production costs of green hydrogen, which is produced through water electrolysis powered by renewable energy. As the global energy transition accelerates, green hydrogen is gaining substantial policy, financial, and corporate support due to its ability to produce hydrogen with zero carbon emissions. Governments across North America are introducing subsidies, tax incentives, and regulatory advantages specifically targeted at green hydrogen projects. These favorable policy instruments are reshaping the competitive landscape and diverting investment flows away from conventional hydrogen production technologies such as steam methane reforming. Green hydrogen, once considered economically uncompetitive, is now emerging as a viable alternative, especially as the cost of solar and wind energy continues to decline across the continent. This dynamic is beginning to erode the cost advantage traditionally held by steam methane reforming, particularly in regions with abundant renewable energy resources.

In addition to financial and regulatory incentives, the growing demand from environmentally conscious end-users for decarbonized products is further accelerating the transition towards green hydrogen. Large industrial consumers and multinational corporations operating in North America are increasingly setting sustainability targets that prioritize the procurement of low-emission hydrogen, even at a premium cost. This shift in procurement preferences is creating downstream demand for green hydrogen and placing pressure on steam methane reforming producers to lower their carbon intensity or risk losing market share. Moreover, the emergence of green hydrogen trading platforms and certification standards is providing greater transparency and trust in the origin and emissions profile of hydrogen, making it easier for buyers to favor green alternatives. As more stakeholders align with climate goals and consumer preferences tilt toward sustainability, steam methane reforming will face growing challenges in retaining its dominance, especially in applications where green hydrogen can provide a functionally equivalent substitute without carbon penalties.

Infrastructure Limitations and Investment Barriers Constraining Scalability of Reforming Operations

A major structural impediment facing the North America Steam Methane Reforming Market is the lack of adequate infrastructure to support widespread adoption and scaling of both conventional and carbon-neutral reforming operations. Despite being a mature technology, the expansion of steam methane reforming facilities necessitates significant capital investment in feedstock supply lines, carbon capture and storage networks, and hydrogen distribution channels. The absence of a comprehensive and integrated hydrogen infrastructure across much of North America poses a serious logistical challenge, increasing project development timelines and costs. In particular, the infrastructure needed for carbon dioxide transport and storage remains underdeveloped, with a limited number of pipeline networks and geological reservoirs capable of securely sequestering emissions. Without this infrastructure, steam methane reforming facilities are unable to transition to low-carbon operations, placing them at a competitive disadvantage as regulatory requirements evolve. Additionally, regional imbalances in natural gas supply and transportation costs further complicate infrastructure planning and restrict the geographic scalability of new projects.

From an investment perspective, the uncertainty surrounding future policy direction, carbon pricing mechanisms, and long-term demand for reformer-derived hydrogen creates substantial risk for developers and financiers. Capital-intensive steam methane reforming projects require long investment horizons, which are increasingly at odds with the rapid pace of policy shifts favoring green alternatives. Financial institutions and private equity firms are becoming more selective, favoring projects with clear sustainability credentials and long-term emissions mitigation strategies. This shift in investment preferences constrains funding availability for traditional steam methane reforming projects, unless they are accompanied by robust environmental risk mitigation plans. Additionally, insurance providers are beginning to factor in environmental liabilities associated with high-emission technologies, raising the cost of insuring steam methane reforming plants and further reducing their financial attractiveness. Together, these infrastructure and investment-related barriers are not only slowing the growth of the steam methane reforming market but also threatening its long-term competitiveness as cleaner and more infrastructure-flexible hydrogen production alternatives gain traction.

Key Market Trends

Integration of Carbon Capture Technologies into Existing Steam Methane Reforming Facilities

A key trend in the North America Steam Methane Reforming Market is the growing integration of carbon capture technologies into existing reforming operations to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and align with regional decarbonization targets. As pressure mounts from federal agencies, provincial governments, and corporate sustainability programs, producers of hydrogen via steam methane reforming are increasingly deploying carbon capture systems to convert traditional reforming plants into lower-emission facilities. This integration allows companies to retain the cost advantages and scalability of steam methane reforming while mitigating environmental risks. The transition is particularly prevalent among large energy producers and industrial gas companies that possess the capital and technical capacity to invest in retrofitting infrastructure. In parallel, governments in Canada and the United States are rolling out funding mechanisms and tax incentives specifically designed to accelerate the adoption of carbon capture systems in the industrial sector.

These financial enablers are helping to reduce the payback period of carbon capture investments, thereby encouraging a wider shift among producers who were previously deterred by high upfront costs. Moreover, advancements in carbon capture technology have enhanced the efficiency and reliability of these systems, making them more compatible with continuous-process operations like steam methane reforming. In the coming years, the standardization of carbon capture installations is expected to become a key differentiator in the market, especially as end-users begin to evaluate the carbon intensity of their hydrogen supply. This trend is gradually transforming steam methane reforming from a purely fossil-based process to a more hybrid model that balances economic performance with environmental accountability, ensuring that the technology remains relevant in a low-carbon future.

Industrial Hydrogen Demand Driving Distributed Steam Methane Reforming Installations

Another emerging trend in the North America Steam Methane Reforming Market is the rise of distributed or modular steam methane reforming units, particularly in response to localized industrial hydrogen demand. Unlike centralized facilities that typically serve large petrochemical or refinery clusters, distributed reformers are being deployed closer to point-of-use applications such as manufacturing hubs, energy storage systems, fuel cell vehicle refueling stations, and ammonia production sites. This shift is driven by logistical efficiencies, as distributed installations reduce the need for long-distance hydrogen transportation and associated energy losses. Additionally, distributed steam methane reforming offers industrial users greater supply security and pricing stability, especially in regions where centralized supply chains are susceptible to bottlenecks. Modular systems also provide flexibility in scaling production up or down based on local demand, enabling a more responsive and economically viable hydrogen supply model.

Technological improvements in reactor design, heat recovery systems, and control automation have made it possible to design compact reforming systems that maintain high conversion efficiency without sacrificing operational safety. At the same time, utility companies and municipal governments are increasingly engaging with private sector partners to establish local hydrogen generation hubs powered by natural gas, positioning distributed steam methane reforming as a strategic enabler of regional decarbonization initiatives. This localized approach not only aligns with national energy independence goals but also supports the electrification and hydrogenation of hard-to-abate sectors such as heavy industry and freight transport. As decentralized energy systems continue to gain traction, distributed steam methane reforming is expected to play a pivotal role in bridging the gap between current infrastructure limitations and future hydrogen network expansion across North America.

Policy-Driven Development of Hydrogen Industrial Hubs Anchored by Reforming Capacity

A significant trend shaping the future of the North America Steam Methane Reforming Market is the policy-driven establishment of hydrogen industrial hubs that are anchored by steam methane reforming capacity and integrated with downstream consumption sectors. Governments in the United States and Canada are increasingly adopting a cluster-based approach to hydrogen market development, where geographic concentrations of production, storage, transport, and end-use facilities are co-located to maximize efficiency and reduce costs. In many of these hubs, steam methane reforming is serving as the initial foundation due to its cost-competitiveness and ability to generate large volumes of hydrogen required by local industries. Policy frameworks such as the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act in the United States and Canada’s Hydrogen Strategy are offering grants, loan guarantees, and permitting support for such integrated developments.

These incentives are encouraging public-private consortia to invest in reforming plants, carbon capture systems, and pipeline infrastructure as part of a comprehensive hydrogen ecosystem. In parallel, local governments are incentivizing industrial consumers—such as steel manufacturers, power generators, and logistics providers—to transition to hydrogen, creating a built-in demand base for reformer-supplied hydrogen. This concentration of supply and demand within defined industrial corridors accelerates the achievement of economies of scale, shortens commercialization timelines, and reduces financial risk for investors. As these hubs mature, steam methane reforming is expected to play a dual role—not only as a transitional production method but also as a catalyst for building the critical infrastructure that future green hydrogen technologies can leverage. This hub-based strategy is likely to define the spatial and operational contours of the steam methane reforming market in North America for the foreseeable future.

Segmental Insights

Distribution Insights

In 2024, the pipelines segment emerged as the dominant mode of distribution in the North America Steam Methane Reforming Market and is expected to maintain its lead throughout the forecast period. This dominance is primarily attributed to the extensive and well-established natural gas pipeline infrastructure across key regions in the United States and Canada, particularly in the Gulf Coast, Midwest, and Alberta. Pipelines offer a highly efficient, cost-effective, and continuous means of transporting hydrogen produced via steam methane reforming from centralized production facilities to industrial consumers, refineries, and emerging hydrogen fueling stations. Their ability to support large-scale hydrogen delivery over long distances with minimal operational interruptions makes them especially attractive for high-volume end-users seeking stable and scalable supply chains.

Federal and regional governments have been actively promoting investments in hydrogen-ready pipeline networks as part of broader energy transition strategies, enabling pipeline operators to retrofit or repurpose existing natural gas lines to carry hydrogen blends. This infrastructure advantage significantly reduces capital expenditure for new distribution projects, thereby strengthening the economic case for pipeline deployment. Additionally, the pipelines segment is benefiting from strategic partnerships between hydrogen producers and utility companies, which are increasingly seeking to decarbonize gas grids and integrate hydrogen into their energy portfolios.

In contrast, while cryogenic tanks play an important role in the distribution of liquefied hydrogen for niche applications and decentralized use cases, they face limitations in scalability, energy efficiency, and operational costs when compared to pipelines. The need for continuous liquefaction, specialized storage systems, and rigorous safety protocols makes cryogenic tank distribution less suitable for long-term, high-volume delivery models. As a result, pipelines are expected to remain the preferred distribution method in the North America Steam Methane Reforming Market, especially as hydrogen demand continues to concentrate around industrial clusters and regional hydrogen hubs anchored by reforming capacity.

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Country Insights

Largest Country

In 2024, the United States continued to solidify its position as the dominant country in the North America Steam Methane Reforming Market, driven by a combination of robust natural gas availability, expansive industrial infrastructure, and progressive energy policies. The country’s extensive natural gas pipeline network provided a stable and cost-effective feedstock supply for large-scale hydrogen production via steam methane reforming, particularly in energy-intensive regions such as the Gulf Coast, Midwest, and the Appalachian Basin. Moreover, the United States government’s supportive regulatory environment, including incentives for hydrogen production and investments in carbon capture and storage systems, further accelerated the deployment of reforming technologies. Industrial demand from sectors such as petroleum refining, ammonia production, and heavy manufacturing has remained consistently strong, reinforcing the need for reliable and high-volume hydrogen generation.

Public-private initiatives aimed at developing regional hydrogen hubs have contributed to the growth of steam methane reforming capacity in the country. These hubs are increasingly being anchored by reforming facilities, leveraging the country’s natural resource advantage and infrastructure readiness. As a result, the United States is expected to remain at the forefront of steam methane reforming technology adoption and hydrogen supply leadership in North America, outpacing Canada and Mexico in both production scale and distribution capability.

Emerging Country

Canada is rapidly emerging as a key country in the North America Steam Methane Reforming Market, driven by its abundant natural gas reserves, strong governmental support for hydrogen initiatives, and commitment to reducing carbon emissions. Provinces such as Alberta and British Columbia are investing in steam methane reforming infrastructure, often paired with carbon capture technologies to produce low-emission hydrogen.

The Canadian government’s national hydrogen strategy has provided clear policy direction and funding mechanisms that encourage public-private collaboration in hydrogen production. Canada’s existing energy infrastructure and proximity to key export markets position it as a strategic supplier of hydrogen in the region. As these efforts scale, Canada is poised to significantly expand its footprint in the North America Steam Methane Reforming Market.

Recent Developments

• In April 2024, KBR was awarded an engineering services contract by First State Hydrogen, Inc. to support the feasibility and development of its first clean hydrogen production facility in the U.S. mid-Atlantic region. The project will focus on producing clean hydrogen through electrolysis powered by renewable energy, aligning with regional sustainability goals. KBR’s expertise in clean hydrogen technology will contribute to advancing the clean hydrogen economy and creating a sustainable future.
• In August 2024, Linde signed a long-term agreement to supply clean hydrogen to Dow’s Fort Saskatchewan Path2Zero Project in Alberta, Canada. Linde will invest over USD 2 billion to build a world-scale clean hydrogen facility, utilizing autothermal reforming and HISORP® carbon capture technology. The facility will supply clean hydrogen, nitrogen, and other services to support Dow’s net-zero emissions ethylene cracker and decarbonize other industrial operations, capturing over 2 million metric tons of CO2 annually.
• In July 2024, Honeywell agreed to acquire Air Products’ liquefied natural gas (LNG) process technology and equipment business for USD 1.81 billion in cash. This acquisition will enable Honeywell to offer a comprehensive LNG solution, combining natural gas pre-treatment, liquefaction, and digital automation technologies through Honeywell Forge and Experion platforms. The portfolio includes coil-wound heat exchangers, enhancing operational efficiency and reliability for LNG customers globally.

Key Market Players

• Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
• Linde plc
• BOC Limited
• Shell International B.V.
• Honeywell International Inc.
• TechnipFMC plc
• Worley Limited
• McDermott International, Ltd.

Report Scope:

In this report, the North America Steam Methane Reforming Market has been segmented into the following categories, in addition to the industry trends which have also been detailed below:

• North America Steam Methane Reforming Market, By Distribution:

o   Pipelines

o   Cryogenic Tanks              

• North America Steam Methane Reforming Market, By End Use:

o   Transportation

o   Chemicals

o   Others

• North America Steam Methane Reforming Market, By Country:

o   United States

o   Canada

o   Mexico

Competitive Landscape

Company Profiles: Detailed analysis of the major companies present in the North America Steam Methane Reforming Market.

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Company Information

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