|
Forecast
Period
|
2026-2030
|
|
Market
Size (2024)
|
USD
450.22 Million
|
|
Market
Size (2030)
|
USD
610.16 Million
|
|
CAGR
(2025-2030)
|
5.20%
|
|
Fastest
Growing Segment
|
Below 2000 PSI
|
|
Largest
Market
|
United
States
|
Market Overview
North America Oilfield Casing Spools Market was valued at USD 450.22 Million in 2024
and is expected to reach USD 610.16 Million by 2030 with a CAGR of 5.20% during
the forecast period. Oilfield casing spools in North America
are critical components used in drilling operations to support wellhead systems
by connecting casing strings and sealing the annular space between different
casing layers.
These
spools play a vital role in pressure control and maintaining the structural
integrity of the wellbore, ensuring safety and operational efficiency during
oil and gas extraction. The North America oilfield casing spools market is
poised for growth primarily due to the resurgence in shale gas and tight oil
exploration, particularly in the United States and Canada. With the increasing
energy demand from industrial, residential, and transportation sectors,
exploration companies are investing heavily in expanding drilling operations
across prolific regions such as the Permian Basin, Bakken Formation, and
Montney Shale.
Advancements
in horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing technologies are leading to
more complex well designs, which necessitate robust and reliable casing
hardware. Oilfield casing spools are indispensable for managing high-pressure
conditions in such environments, thereby becoming a standard component in
modern wellheads. Furthermore, government support for domestic energy
production and favorable leasing policies are encouraging both national and
international players to explore and produce hydrocarbons at an accelerated
pace. The gradual rebound in crude oil prices has also revitalized capital
expenditures in upstream projects, further boosting the demand for oilfield
equipment including casing spools.
Offshore
drilling activities in regions like the Gulf of Mexico are contributing to
market expansion due to the deployment of deepwater rigs that rely on advanced
wellhead systems. The emphasis on operational safety, environmental protection,
and regulatory compliance in North America also drives the adoption of
high-quality casing spools made of corrosion-resistant materials and designed
for extreme operating conditions. As energy security continues to be a
strategic priority, the North America oilfield casing spools market is expected
to witness sustained demand growth.
Key Market Drivers
Expansion of Unconventional Oil and Gas Drilling
Activities
The North America oilfield casing spools market is
significantly driven by the continued expansion of unconventional oil and gas
drilling operations, particularly in shale plays. Unconventional drilling
techniques such as horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing require complex
well designs with multiple casing strings, intensifying the demand for
high-performance casing spools. These components serve as essential connectors
between different casing layers, allowing for safe control of well pressure and
structural reinforcement. The nature of unconventional reservoirs, which often
involve high-pressure and high-temperature conditions, necessitates the
deployment of robust wellhead equipment, including casing spools that can
withstand such demanding environments. As drilling continues to shift toward
deeper and more geologically complex formations, oilfield service providers are
prioritizing quality-assured casing infrastructure to reduce blowout risks and
ensure drilling continuity.
The resurgence in unconventional drilling has been
especially visible in areas like the Permian Basin, Eagle Ford Shale, Bakken
Formation, and Duvernay Formation, where operators are scaling up both vertical
depth and lateral length in their well programs. With more wells being drilled
per pad and longer horizontal sections becoming the norm, the volume of casing
spools used per well has increased. Unconventional drilling often involves
frequent well completions, each requiring precise casing architecture supported
by spools. The trend toward multi-well pad development amplifies this demand
even further. This operational scale-up enhances the recurring need for
oilfield casing spools, especially those capable of rapid installation,
pressure retention, and compatibility with other wellhead components. As the
unconventional exploration and production landscape in North America continues
to mature, casing spool manufacturers and suppliers are witnessing increased
orders, particularly from independent and mid-sized operators seeking
cost-effective yet durable solutions. In 2023, the Permian Basin accounted
for over 40 percent of all onshore oil rigs operating in the United States,
reflecting the surge in unconventional drilling that directly elevates demand
for casing spools.
Rising Deepwater and Offshore Drilling Investments
in the Gulf of Mexico
A key driver of the North America oilfield casing
spools market is the steady resurgence of deepwater and offshore drilling
projects, particularly in the Gulf of Mexico. Offshore wells require intricate
wellhead systems that are designed to handle extreme subsurface pressure and
temperature, making high-grade casing spools a mandatory installation. These
spools play a crucial role in securing the structural integrity of deepwater
wells, providing essential support for the casing strings and isolating different
geological zones. As exploration and production companies ramp up investments
in offshore blocks and reassess dormant fields, the need for advanced casing
spool configurations—tailored for subsea and platform-based
operations—continues to grow. The regulatory requirement for advanced pressure
control equipment offshore has further strengthened the market for casing
spools that meet stringent material and performance standards.
Offshore development in the Gulf of Mexico has
shown a promising revival due to favorable crude oil pricing and improved
drilling economics. Several new discoveries and field redevelopment projects
are underway, with operators engaging in longer drilling programs that demand
specialized wellhead assemblies. Deepwater wells are typically more complex and
capital-intensive, necessitating redundant safety features and reliable
pressure containment systems such as casing spools. Moreover, the trend toward
extended subsea tiebacks and remotely operated production systems requires
durable and long-life wellhead components. Casing spools used in these offshore
settings must also be corrosion-resistant and compatible with enhanced
completion technologies, contributing to their higher unit value and volume
demand. The overall uptick in offshore project sanctions and rig activations is
expected to maintain a consistent requirement for these vital oilfield
components. As of early 2024, over 50 offshore drilling rigs were active in
the United States Gulf of Mexico, representing a 15 percent increase compared
to 2022, reinforcing the upward demand trajectory for casing spools in offshore
wells.
Increasing Focus on Well Integrity and
Environmental Safety Compliance
Stringent environmental and well integrity
regulations across North America are becoming a significant growth catalyst for
the oilfield casing spools market. Well integrity encompasses the application
of engineering controls, operational procedures, and hardware—such as casing
spools—to prevent the uncontrolled release of formation fluids. Regulatory
bodies in the United States and Canada are enforcing tighter rules regarding
wellbore construction, pressure control systems, and surface equipment certifications.
These compliance standards necessitate the use of reliable and proven casing
spool systems capable of preventing leaks, blowouts, and other well integrity
failures. In particular, the demand is rising for products that provide dual
pressure sealing, integrated testing ports, and compatibility with remote
monitoring equipment to support real-time well diagnostics and safety
management.
As the public and governmental scrutiny of the
environmental impacts of hydrocarbon extraction intensifies, operators are
under pressure to deploy only certified and high-integrity components. This has
translated into greater investment in premium casing spools made from
high-strength alloys, which offer better fatigue resistance and enhanced
sealing under dynamic well conditions. Many jurisdictions now mandate
performance documentation and traceability for critical wellhead components,
further raising the threshold for acceptable casing spool quality. Oil and gas
companies aiming to maintain a social license to operate are prioritizing
safety-enhancing technologies, including blowout prevention systems and
advanced casing spools as part of their drilling programs. These factors
collectively elevate the baseline demand for compliant, durable, and safe
casing spool products across drilling operations in North America. In 2023,
the United States Environmental Protection Agency issued over 1,200 citations
related to well integrity violations, reinforcing the operational necessity for
compliant wellhead components such as casing spools.
Technological Advancements in Wellhead and Pressure
Control Equipment
Ongoing innovation in oilfield pressure control and
wellhead technology is acting as a strong enabler for growth in the North
America oilfield casing spools market. As oil and gas operators seek to reduce
rig downtime and enhance drilling efficiency, there is an increasing preference
for modular and pre-engineered wellhead solutions, including quick-connect
casing spools. Technological advancements have made it possible to develop
casing spools with integrated features such as multiple test ports, dual bores,
and elastomer-sealed housings, allowing for improved pressure containment and
operational flexibility. These developments help reduce the time and complexity
associated with installation, pressure testing, and subsequent well
completions. Enhanced manufacturing methods, such as high-precision CNC
machining and non-destructive testing protocols, are also elevating the
consistency and safety profiles of modern casing spools.
The integration of digital monitoring systems into
wellhead assemblies is becoming increasingly common, pushing casing spool
designs to be compatible with real-time pressure and temperature data capture
tools. As smart drilling and digital oilfield concepts gain traction, casing
spools with embedded sensors and automated valve control interfaces are
entering the market. These innovations allow for proactive maintenance,
automated integrity verification, and faster decision-making during drilling
and production cycles. As oilfield service companies prioritize differentiation
through technology, the adoption of such intelligent casing spool systems is
expected to grow across both conventional and unconventional drilling projects.
The dual impact of technological feasibility and performance benefits is
reinforcing the strategic importance of high-tech casing spools in modern
drilling infrastructure. In 2023, over 70 percent of newly commissioned land
rigs in North America adopted advanced wellhead systems compatible with modular
casing spool assemblies, reflecting growing market penetration of
technology-enhanced products.

Download Free Sample Report
Key Market Challenges
Volatility in Crude Oil Prices Impacting Drilling
Activities
The cyclical nature and volatility of global crude
oil prices have a direct and material impact on the demand for oilfield
equipment, including casing spools, across North America. Fluctuating oil
prices often lead to inconsistent capital expenditure by exploration and
production companies, causing them to either ramp up or scale down their
drilling programs depending on current market dynamics. When crude oil prices
fall below the economic breakeven threshold, especially in unconventional plays
or offshore basins, operators are forced to defer or cancel new drilling
activities to preserve cash flow. This volatility suppresses the overall demand
for wellhead infrastructure, including casing spools, since fewer wells are
initiated and existing operations shift focus to maintaining production from
legacy wells rather than expanding field development. Moreover, reduced rig
counts during periods of depressed prices translate into lower consumption of
ancillary equipment such as casing heads, casing spools, and other pressure
control components, thereby affecting the production and sales volumes of
casing spool manufacturers.
This cyclical demand pattern presents a significant
planning and inventory risk for casing spool suppliers, as they must maintain
production capabilities even during downturns to remain responsive when the
market rebounds. However, the unpredictability of commodity prices makes it
difficult for companies across the oilfield equipment value chain to forecast
revenues, allocate capital, or manage supply chain logistics with certainty.
Manufacturers of casing spools often face high idle inventory costs or underutilized
capacity during oil price slumps, which erodes profitability. Additionally,
price volatility disrupts long-term contracts and impedes strategic
collaboration between operators and equipment providers. It also encourages
procurement teams at oil and gas companies to renegotiate contracts or delay
equipment orders, creating a cascading effect that delays cash flow for
component manufacturers. In a market that is inherently sensitive to crude oil
pricing, the frequent price swings challenge the ability of casing spool
producers to maintain stable operations, workforce levels, and product
development initiatives.
High Capital and Technological Barriers for Product
Development
The oilfield casing spools market is characterized
by high capital intensity and stringent technological requirements, which pose
significant barriers for both new entrants and existing players looking to
innovate. The development of reliable and high-performance casing spools
requires advanced materials, precision manufacturing techniques, and rigorous
product testing protocols, all of which demand substantial financial
investment. Additionally, engineering casing spools that comply with complex
performance standards and withstand high-pressure, high-temperature subsurface
conditions calls for specialized research and development capabilities. For
manufacturers to remain competitive in the North America market, they must
continually enhance product durability, safety, and compatibility with modern
wellhead systems. However, such innovation is capital-intensive, and securing
returns on these investments becomes increasingly challenging when faced with
cyclical demand patterns and tightening procurement budgets from exploration
and production companies.
Regulatory compliance and industry certification
requirements increase the cost and complexity of bringing new casing spool
products to market. Governmental bodies and industry associations enforce
detailed performance, testing, and documentation standards for wellhead
components to ensure operational safety and environmental protection. This
means that even slight design changes to casing spools must undergo extensive
validation processes, which prolong time-to-market and inflate development
costs. Smaller manufacturers, or those entering the market for the first time,
often lack the financial strength or technological infrastructure to meet these
stringent demands, effectively creating a high barrier to market entry. Even
well-established firms must continuously balance innovation with cost control,
as end users expect technologically advanced yet economically viable solutions.
In such an environment, only a few companies with robust capital backing and
engineering capabilities can sustain long-term growth, while others risk being
marginalized or forced out of the market.
Complex Supply Chain Dependencies and Lead Time
Uncertainties
The manufacturing and delivery of oilfield casing
spools depend on a complex, multi-tiered supply chain involving raw material
sourcing, machining, quality inspection, and distribution logistics. Any
disruption in this supply chain can significantly delay the availability of
casing spools to drilling sites, especially in remote or offshore locations.
One of the most pressing supply chain challenges faced by manufacturers in
North America is the procurement of high-grade steel alloys and specialty
materials required to produce pressure-resistant and corrosion-proof casing
spools. These materials are often imported from global suppliers, making the
supply chain vulnerable to geopolitical tensions, international trade policies,
transportation disruptions, and currency exchange rate fluctuations. Delays or
cost escalations at any stage of the supply chain cascade into production
bottlenecks, affecting the timely delivery of finished products and risking
project delays for oil and gas operators.
The oilfield sector’s just-in-time procurement
model intensifies the risk associated with long lead times and unpredictable
shipment schedules. Casing spool manufacturers must align their production
schedules with drilling timelines that can be revised at short notice based on
operator budget revisions, rig availability, or changes in field priorities.
This operational volatility creates forecasting challenges for suppliers who
must maintain sufficient inventory levels while minimizing overhead costs. The result
is a delicate balancing act that requires high supply chain agility and
real-time demand monitoring. Any misalignment between production and customer
demand can lead to either equipment shortages or surplus stock, both of which
negatively affect profitability. In some cases, transportation and customs
clearance delays have caused multi-week project setbacks, highlighting the need
for localized production and diversified sourcing strategies. However, shifting
to local suppliers or developing in-house capabilities requires significant
investment and long-term planning, which not all market participants are
equipped to undertake.
Key Market Trends
Integration of Digital Technologies in Oilfield
Equipment Design
The North America oilfield casing spools market is
increasingly witnessing the integration of digital technologies such as
computer-aided design, real-time data analytics, and predictive maintenance
platforms to enhance product performance and operational efficiency. Advanced
modeling tools are enabling manufacturers to simulate stress, corrosion, and
high-pressure impacts on casing spools during the design phase, allowing for
optimization before physical prototyping. These digital innovations improve the
reliability and precision of casing spool components used in complex wellbore
conditions, particularly in unconventional reservoirs and deep-water
environments. Furthermore, oil and gas operators are demanding casing spools
embedded with digital sensors that enable real-time monitoring of pressure and
temperature within the wellhead assembly.
This demand is driven by a larger industry shift
toward automation and remote surveillance to minimize downtime and improve
worker safety. As a result, equipment manufacturers are collaborating with
software developers to integrate Internet of Things-based diagnostics into
spool designs, providing operators with early warnings of equipment failure or
pressure anomalies. In North America, where operators continue to push
technological boundaries to reduce costs and improve efficiency, the adoption
of digital-ready casing spools is becoming a key differentiator. This trend is
encouraging casing spool producers to not only invest in digital capabilities
internally but also engage in partnerships with technology firms to co-develop
advanced solutions that align with evolving field requirements and digital
transformation initiatives across the upstream sector.
Shift Toward Modular and Customizable Spool Designs
A notable trend in the North America oilfield
casing spools market is the growing preference for modular and customizable
designs that enable faster installation, compatibility with diverse wellhead
configurations, and adaptability to various field environments. Exploration and
production companies in the region are increasingly prioritizing equipment that
can be quickly deployed and easily integrated into both legacy and modern well
systems. This has led to a surge in demand for casing spools that offer configurable
flanges, compact bodies, and interchangeable components. Modular casing spools
facilitate standardized manufacturing and simplify logistics, which helps
reduce operational lead time and inventory complexity, especially in remote
drilling locations across the United States and Canada.
Customizable designs support enhanced flexibility
in well planning by allowing operators to adjust casing diameters and pressure
ratings as drilling conditions evolve. This trend is particularly significant
in unconventional shale plays, where operators frequently adjust well designs
to optimize production performance. In response, manufacturers are engineering
spool solutions that can be tailored to operator specifications without
compromising safety or structural integrity. This customization trend is also
contributing to higher customer satisfaction and longer supplier relationships,
as equipment manufacturers who provide tailored solutions become integral to
the operator’s field development strategy. As oilfield projects become more
dynamic and performance-driven, the demand for modular and adaptable casing
spools is expected to rise steadily.
Expansion of Local Manufacturing Capabilities in
Strategic Regions
A growing trend in the North America oilfield
casing spools market is the expansion of localized manufacturing and machining
capabilities across key oil and gas producing regions such as Texas, Alberta,
and North Dakota. With increasing emphasis on supply chain resilience and
reduced dependency on overseas suppliers, equipment manufacturers are investing
in regional production facilities to serve drilling operations more
efficiently. Localized production reduces lead times, cuts transportation
costs, and enables rapid customization of casing spools to match the evolving
requirements of nearby exploration and production companies. This trend has
been further accelerated by recent global supply chain disruptions, which
highlighted the risks of relying on imports for critical components.
By establishing manufacturing hubs close to shale
basins and offshore staging areas, casing spool producers can improve
responsiveness and customer service while minimizing the risk of logistical
delays. Additionally, local manufacturing fosters collaboration with operators,
drilling contractors, and engineering firms, enabling iterative product
development and faster troubleshooting. Governments and local authorities in
resource-rich states are also offering incentives such as tax breaks and
infrastructure support to attract industrial investment, thereby promoting the
growth of domestic oilfield equipment manufacturing. As drilling activity
remains robust in North America, especially in unconventional formations, the
localization of casing spool production is set to become a foundational
strategy for achieving supply chain agility and operational continuity.
Segmental Insights
Type Insights
In 2024, Stainless Steel segment
dominated the North America oilfield casing spools market by type and is
expected to maintain its leading position throughout the forecast period due to
its superior performance characteristics and increasing demand for
high-durability components in extreme drilling environments. Stainless steel
casing spools offer exceptional resistance to corrosion, high-pressure
conditions, and chemical exposure, making them the preferred choice for complex
and high-value drilling operations, particularly in offshore and unconventional
reservoirs where well integrity is critical. The growing focus on long-term
operational reliability, safety, and reduced maintenance costs is encouraging
exploration and production companies to favor stainless steel over low alloy
steel, especially in regions with aggressive well conditions such as the
Permian Basin and deepwater Gulf of Mexico.
The rising regulatory
emphasis on environmentally safe and robust wellhead systems is prompting
operators to invest in materials that offer higher lifecycle value, further
boosting the adoption of stainless steel casing spools. Unlike low alloy steel,
which is more susceptible to corrosion and fatigue under prolonged exposure to
harsh fluids and temperature fluctuations, stainless steel ensures longer
service life and reduces the risk of unplanned shutdowns or equipment
replacement.
While low alloy steel
continues to hold a share of the market due to its lower cost and adequate
performance in conventional wells, its growth is expected to remain relatively
slower as operators increasingly prioritize total cost of ownership over upfront
expenditure. The ability of stainless steel casing spools to deliver enhanced
structural integrity, reduced failure rates, and better compliance with safety
standards is anticipated to sustain the segment’s dominance in the coming
years, driven by both technological advancements and shifting procurement
strategies within the oil and gas sector across North America.
Casing Size Insights
In 2024, 12.1” to 15” casing
size segment dominated the North America oilfield casing spools market and is
expected to maintain its dominance throughout the forecast period. This segment
is widely utilized in both conventional and unconventional drilling operations
due to its optimal balance between structural strength and compatibility with a
broad range of well designs. Its prevalence is particularly notable in
high-pressure and high-temperature wells across major shale basins such as the
Permian and Bakken, where durability and well integrity are critical. The
continued expansion of horizontal drilling and multi-stage fracturing
techniques further supports sustained demand for this casing size range,
positioning it as the preferred choice among operators aiming for operational
efficiency and reduced well failure risks.

Download Free Sample Report
Country Insights
Largest Country
In 2024, the United States continued to assert its
position as the dominant country in the North America Oilfield Casing Spools
Market, driven by its expansive oil and gas exploration and production
activities across key basins such as the Permian, Eagle Ford, Bakken, and
Haynesville. The country’s leadership in hydraulic fracturing and horizontal
drilling has significantly elevated the demand for robust wellhead components,
including casing spools, which are essential for maintaining pressure control
and structural integrity during complex drilling operations.
The United States also benefits from a highly
developed oilfield services sector, domestic manufacturing capabilities, and
advanced technological adoption, which collectively contribute to a strong and
responsive supply chain for casing spools. In addition, favorable regulatory
conditions, rising investments in unconventional resources, and sustained crude
oil production levels—often exceeding 12 million barrels per day—have
reinforced the consistent need for high-performance casing spools across onshore
and offshore projects.
Operators in the United States are increasingly
focusing on equipment that offers long service life, corrosion resistance, and
compatibility with smart monitoring systems, which continues to steer demand
toward advanced spool solutions. Given its large-scale drilling operations,
innovation leadership, and capital availability, the United States is expected
to maintain its dominant market position over the forecast period.
Emerging Country
Canada is rapidly emerging as a key country in the
North America oilfield casing spools market due to its expanding oil and gas
exploration activities, particularly in Alberta’s oil sands and the Montney and
Duvernay shale formations. The country’s increasing investment in drilling
technologies and infrastructure, including pipelines and liquefied natural gas
terminals, is fueling demand for durable and high-performance casing spools.
Canadian operators are focusing on enhancing well integrity and operational
efficiency, which has accelerated the adoption of advanced wellhead components.
Government support for energy development and
domestic manufacturing is strengthening Canada’s position in the regional
supply chain. As production continues to rise and new projects come online,
Canada is expected to play a significantly larger role in market growth.
Recent Developments
- In January 2025, Iraq and Halliburton are
finalizing an agreement to develop the Nahr Bin Omar oilfield. Halliburton will
assist in increasing oil production from 50,000 to 300,000 barrels per day and
boost gas output to 300 million cubic feet. Additionally, Iraq expects West
Qurna 1’s production to reach 750,000 barrels per day by the end of 2025. China
Petroleum Engineering is set to develop a USD 1.7 billion gas project at Nahr
Bin Omar.
- In October 2024, Baker Hughes secured significant
contracts with Petrobras to supply 77 km of flexible pipe systems for Brazil’s
pre-salt fields, including Búzios and Libra. The multi-year project, starting
mid-2026, addresses CO2-induced corrosion and supports Petrobras’ CO2 emission
reduction goals. Manufactured at Baker Hughes’ Niteroi plant, these systems
enhance Brazil’s energy supply and economy. Baker Hughes continues expanding
its involvement in Petrobras’ offshore oil and gas development.
- In January 2024, SLB and Nabors Industries
partnered to advance automated drilling solutions for oil and gas operators.
This collaboration integrates their drilling automation and rig operating
systems, enhancing well construction efficiency and performance. Customers gain
flexible access to technologies like SLB’s PRECISE™ and Nabors’ SmartROS®,
including Neuro™ autonomous directional drilling. The partnership aims to
overcome integration barriers and expand the adoption of automated drilling
across the industry globally.
Key
Market Players
- Halliburton Company
- Weatherford International plc
- NOV Inc.
- Baker Hughes Company
- ArcelorMittal S.A.
- Kleiss Gases, Inc.
- Fluor Company
- Tenaris S.A.
|
By Type
|
By Casing Size
|
By Working Pressure
|
By Country
|
- Stainless Steel
- Low Alloy Steel
|
- 8” to 10”
- 10.1” to 12”
- 12.1” to 15”
- 15.1” to 18”
- Above 18”
|
- Below 2000 PSI
- 2001 PSI to 3000 PSI
- 3001 PSI to 5000 PSI
- Above 5000 PSI
|
- United States
- Canada
- Mexico
|
Report Scope:
In this report, the North America Oilfield Casing
Spools Market has been segmented into the following categories, in addition to
the industry trends which have also been detailed below:
- North America Oilfield Casing Spools Market, By
Type:
o Stainless Steel
o Low Alloy Steel
- North America Oilfield Casing Spools Market, By
Casing Size:
o 8” to 10”
o 10.1” to 12”
o 12.1” to 15”
o 15.1” to 18”
o Above 18”
- North America Oilfield Casing Spools Market, By
Working Pressure:
o Below 2000 PSI
o 2001 PSI to 3000 PSI
o 3001 PSI to 5000 PSI
o Above 5000 PSI
- North America Oilfield Casing Spools Market,
By Country:
o United States
o Canada
o Mexico
Competitive Landscape
Company Profiles: Detailed analysis of the major companies present in the North
America Oilfield Casing Spools Market.
Available Customizations:
North America Oilfield Casing Spools Market report
with the given market data, TechSci Research offers customizations according
to a company's specific needs. The following customization options are
available for the report:
Company Information
- Detailed analysis and profiling of additional
market players (up to five).
North America Oilfield Casing Spools Market is an
upcoming report to be released soon. If you wish an early delivery of this
report or want to confirm the date of release, please contact us at [email protected]