Main Content start here
Main Layout
Report Description

Report Description


Forecast Period

2026-2030

Market Size (2024)

USD 3.4 Billion

Market Size (2030)

USD 5.06 Billion

CAGR (2025-2030)

6.7%

Fastest Growing Segment

Workplace

Largest Market

West India

Market Overview

India Modular Flooring Market was valued at USD 3.4 billion in 2024 and is anticipated to project robust growth in the forecast period with a CAGR of 6.7% through 2030. The India Modular Flooring Market is experiencing robust growth, characterized by a surge in demand for versatile and convenient flooring solutions. This trend is propelled by factors such as rapid urbanization, evolving consumer tastes, and a heightened emphasis on interior aesthetics. As the Indian population gravitates towards modern and customizable living spaces, modular flooring solutions have gained prominence for their ease of installation, flexibility, and aesthetic appeal. The market witnesses a notable uptick owing to the convenience offered by these flooring options, which cater to the dynamic preferences of homeowners and businesses alike. Moreover, the increasing awareness of the benefits associated with modular flooring, including durability, low maintenance, and quick installation, further contributes to the market's upward trajectory. With a burgeoning real estate sector and a rising focus on home decor, the India Modular Flooring Market is poised for sustained growth in the foreseeable future.

Key Market Drivers

Urbanization and Changing Lifestyles

India's Modular Flooring Market is propelled by the relentless pace of urbanization and the corresponding shift in lifestyle preferences. As urban centers expand and populations concentrate in metropolitan areas, the demand for efficient, adaptable flooring solutions has intensified. The modular flooring market is well-aligned with the contemporary urban lifestyle, offering homeowners and businesses a versatile and aesthetically pleasing alternative. Urban dwellers increasingly prioritize modern, convenient living spaces that reflect their dynamic lifestyles. Modular flooring, with its ease of installation and customizable designs, caters precisely to these evolving needs. As individuals and families move away from traditional flooring options towards those that align with contemporary urban aesthetics, the market experiences a substantial boost, driven by the desire for flooring solutions that complement the fast-paced and modern lifestyle prevalent in urban India.

Consumer Preference for Customization

A significant driver of the India Modular Flooring Market is the growing emphasis on customization among consumers. The modular flooring sector thrives on the ability to provide tailored solutions that meet the unique preferences and requirements of customers. With an increasing focus on home decor and interior design, consumers are seeking flooring options that not only serve functional purposes but also contribute to the overall aesthetic appeal of their living spaces. Modular flooring allows for a wide range of design possibilities, enabling customers to personalize their floors with various patterns, colors, and textures. This customization aspect not only enhances the visual appeal of spaces but also fosters a sense of individuality. As consumers become more discerning in their choices, the modular flooring market continues to flourish by offering a diverse array of customizable options that resonate with the evolving tastes and preferences of a discerning clientele.

Rise in Real Estate Development

The surge in real estate development activities across India is a prominent driver of the modular flooring market. As the construction industry experiences significant growth, both in the residential and commercial sectors, there is a parallel increase in the demand for innovative and efficient flooring solutions. Modular flooring, characterized by its ease of installation and adaptability, has become the flooring choice for many real estate developers. The rapid construction pace necessitates flooring solutions that are not only quick to install but also offer durability and aesthetic appeal. Modular flooring caters to these requirements, making it a preferred option in new construction projects. Whether in residential complexes, commercial spaces, or hospitality establishments, the modular flooring market benefits from the burgeoning real estate sector, finding ample opportunities for growth as developers seek contemporary, reliable, and visually appealing flooring solutions.

Focus on Interior Aesthetics

The growing importance placed on interior aesthetics is a driving force behind the flourishing India Modular Flooring Market. As consumers increasingly recognize the impact of interior design on the overall ambiance of their living and working spaces, there is a heightened demand for flooring solutions that contribute to a visually appealing environment. Modular flooring, with its wide range of design options, allows individuals and businesses to create interiors that align with their aesthetic preferences. The market responds to this demand by providing flooring solutions that not only meet functional requirements but also elevate the overall visual appeal of spaces. The convergence of functionality and aesthetics positions modular flooring as a key player in the interior design landscape, with consumers prioritizing flooring options that enhance the beauty and style of their surroundings.

Ease of Installation and Low Maintenance

The India Modular Flooring Market is witnessing significant growth due to the inherent benefits of ease of installation and low maintenance offered by modular flooring solutions. In a fast-paced world, where time efficiency is crucial, consumers and businesses alike seek flooring options that can be installed quickly without disrupting regular activities. Modular flooring, designed for easy installation, reduces downtime and inconvenience associated with traditional flooring methods. Additionally, the low maintenance requirements of modular flooring contribute to its popularity. The durability and resistance to wear and tear make modular flooring a practical choice for both residential and commercial spaces. As consumers increasingly prioritize convenience and efficiency, the market capitalizes on the appeal of modular flooring, positioning it as a preferred option for those seeking flooring solutions that combine ease of installation with minimal upkeep, thereby fostering sustained growth in the modular flooring sector.


Download Free Sample Report

Key Market Challenges

Traditional Mindset and Consumer Education

A significant challenge facing the India Modular Flooring Market is the prevalence of a traditional mindset among consumers and the need for comprehensive consumer education. Despite the numerous advantages offered by modular flooring, there exists a deep-rooted preference for traditional flooring materials in the Indian market. Convincing consumers to shift from conventional options to modular flooring requires a concerted effort in terms of education and awareness. The lack of familiarity with the benefits, durability, and design possibilities of modular flooring poses a challenge for market players. Overcoming this obstacle necessitates targeted marketing campaigns and educational initiatives to enlighten consumers about the superior qualities and customization options that modular flooring offers. Addressing the traditional mindset and ensuring a well-informed consumer base are critical steps in unlocking the full potential of the modular flooring market in India.

Cost Sensitivity and Affordability

Cost sensitivity and the perceived affordability of modular flooring compared to traditional alternatives pose a substantial challenge for market penetration. While modular flooring presents a long-term cost advantage due to its durability and low maintenance, the initial investment may be perceived as higher than conventional flooring options. Overcoming this challenge requires market players to effectively communicate the value proposition of modular flooring, emphasizing its longevity, low maintenance costs, and customization features. Implementing strategies to make modular flooring more accessible through innovative pricing models, financing options, or bundled packages can help address cost concerns and broaden the market appeal. Successfully navigating the affordability challenge is crucial for the widespread adoption of modular flooring across diverse consumer segments in India.

Supply Chain Disruptions and Material Sourcing

The India Modular Flooring Market faces challenges related to supply chain disruptions and material sourcing, impacting the availability and cost of raw materials essential for modular flooring production. Fluctuations in material prices, transportation delays, and disruptions caused by external factors such as geopolitical events or natural disasters can adversely affect the industry. Ensuring a stable and reliable supply chain is essential for meeting market demand and maintaining competitive pricing. Market players need to establish resilient supply chain networks, explore alternative sourcing options, and implement risk mitigation strategies to navigate uncertainties in the global supply chain. Proactive measures in material sourcing and supply chain management are imperative to mitigate the impact of external factors and maintain the market's growth trajectory.

Installation Challenges and Skill Shortages

The installation process poses a challenge for the India Modular Flooring Market, as it requires specialized skills and expertise. Unlike traditional flooring methods that may be more familiar to local artisans and laborers, the installation of modular flooring demands a certain level of technical proficiency. Skill shortages and a lack of trained professionals in the modular flooring installation domain can hinder the market's growth. To address this challenge, industry stakeholders need to invest in training programs, certifications, and collaborations with vocational institutions to develop a skilled workforce capable of efficiently installing modular flooring solutions. Overcoming installation challenges is essential for ensuring a positive customer experience, enhancing the reputation of modular flooring, and encouraging its widespread adoption in various construction and renovation projects across India.

Key Market Trends

Rise of Sustainable and Eco-friendly Flooring Solutions

A prominent trend in the India Modular Flooring Market is the increasing preference for sustainable and eco-friendly flooring solutions. With a growing awareness of environmental concerns, consumers and businesses are seeking flooring options that minimize ecological impact. Modular flooring manufacturers are responding to this trend by incorporating eco-friendly materials, such as recycled content and renewable resources, into their products. Additionally, there is a rising demand for modular flooring solutions that adhere to stringent environmental standards and certifications. As sustainability continues to be a key focus in design and construction, the integration of environmentally conscious practices in the modular flooring market is expected to drive innovation and shape consumer choices.

Tech-Integrated Flooring for Smart Homes

A notable trend in the India Modular Flooring Market is the integration of technology into flooring solutions to cater to the needs of smart homes. With the rise of home automation and IoT (Internet of Things) technologies, consumers are increasingly looking for flooring options that can seamlessly integrate with these systems. Modular flooring products with embedded sensors, heating elements, or connectivity features are gaining popularity. For instance, smart modular flooring that can adjust temperature, provide lighting solutions, or even monitor foot traffic is becoming a sought-after choice. This trend aligns with the broader evolution of homes into smart, connected spaces, and modular flooring manufacturers are capitalizing on these technological advancements to offer innovative and intelligent solutions.

Increasing Demand for Luxury and High-end Modular Flooring

The India Modular Flooring Market is witnessing a surge in demand for luxury and high-end flooring options. As disposable incomes rise and the aspirations for aesthetically pleasing interiors grow, consumers are willing to invest in premium modular flooring solutions. This trend is driving manufacturers to create exclusive and sophisticated designs, often incorporating premium materials like natural wood, marble, or high-quality synthetics. The focus on luxury extends beyond aesthetics, with an emphasis on durability, unique patterns, and customized designs. The market's response to this trend includes the introduction of designer collections and collaborations with renowned architects and interior designers, positioning modular flooring as a statement of luxury and refinement in residential and commercial spaces.

Growing Popularity of Click-and-Lock Installation Systems

A notable trend shaping the India Modular Flooring Market is the growing popularity of click-and-lock installation systems. Consumers and professionals alike are increasingly drawn to modular flooring options that offer easy, tool-free installation. Click-and-lock systems provide a hassle-free and efficient installation process, reducing the need for adhesives and specialized tools. This trend is particularly significant in the residential sector, where DIY (do-it-yourself) installations are gaining traction. The convenience and time-saving aspects of click-and-lock systems align with the fast-paced lifestyles of consumers, contributing to the widespread adoption of modular flooring in various settings.

Versatility in Design and Pattern Options

Versatility in design and pattern options is a key trend driving the India Modular Flooring Market. Consumers are seeking flooring solutions that not only serve functional purposes but also contribute to the overall aesthetic appeal of their spaces. Modular flooring manufacturers are responding by offering an extensive range of design options, including diverse patterns, colors, and textures. Customization is a significant aspect of this trend, allowing consumers to create personalized and unique flooring layouts. Whether replicating the look of natural materials or experimenting with bold and artistic designs, the emphasis on versatile design options caters to the diverse tastes and preferences of Indian consumers. This trend reflects a broader shift towards individualized and expressive interior design, positioning modular flooring as a dynamic and adaptable choice for a wide range of applications.

Segmental Insights

Product Type Insights

The Ceramic segment emerged as the dominant force in the India Modular Flooring Market and is anticipated to maintain its supremacy throughout the forecast period. Ceramic modular flooring has gained unparalleled traction due to its inherent qualities, making it a preferred choice for both residential and commercial applications. The durability and resilience of ceramic tiles make them highly suitable for high-traffic areas, providing long-lasting performance even in demanding environments. The versatility of ceramic modular flooring is another significant factor contributing to its dominance, as it comes in an extensive range of designs, colors, and patterns, allowing for diverse customization options to meet varying aesthetic preferences. Moreover, the ease of maintenance and resistance to wear and tear make ceramic tiles a practical and attractive choice for discerning consumers. In commercial spaces, such as offices, retail establishments, and hospitality venues, the hygienic and easy-to-clean nature of ceramic modular flooring further enhances its appeal. As the market continues to expand, driven by urbanization, increasing construction activities, and a focus on modern interior design, the Ceramic segment is expected to maintain its leading position, reflecting a sustained demand for modular flooring solutions that combine durability, versatility, and aesthetic appeal in the dynamic landscape of the Indian market.

Components Insights

The Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Resins segment asserted its dominance in the India Modular Flooring Market and is anticipated to maintain its leading position throughout the forecast period. PVC Resins serve as a fundamental component in modular flooring production, owing to their exceptional properties such as durability, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness. The versatility of PVC Resins allows manufacturers to produce a wide range of modular flooring options, including Luxury Vinyl Tiles (LVT), vinyl sheets, and vinyl planks. This segment's prominence is further accentuated by the fact that PVC-based modular flooring exhibits resistance to moisture, scratches, and wear, making it ideal for diverse applications in both residential and commercial settings. The consistent demand for PVC Resins in modular flooring can be attributed to its ability to deliver high-performance flooring solutions that meet the evolving needs of consumers and businesses alike. Additionally, the segment benefits from ongoing innovations in PVC formulations, enabling the production of modular flooring with enhanced features such as realistic textures, embossing, and a variety of finishes. As the market continues to expand, driven by factors such as urbanization, increased construction activities, and a growing preference for low-maintenance, aesthetically pleasing flooring solutions, the PVC Resins segment is poised to maintain its dominance. Its central role in the production of resilient and versatile modular flooring positions PVC Resins as a key driver of sustained growth in the Indian market, offering a compelling combination of performance, cost-effectiveness, and design flexibility that resonates with the diverse demands of consumers and the evolving trends in the flooring industry.

End Users Insights

The Workplace segment emerged as the dominant force in the India Modular Flooring Market and is anticipated to maintain its leading position throughout the forecast period. The workplace segment's dominance is a result of the growing demand for modular flooring solutions in commercial and corporate settings. As businesses prioritize creating modern and dynamic work environments, modular flooring, known for its versatility, design flexibility, and ease of maintenance, has become a preferred choice. The workplace segment includes offices, co-working spaces, and other professional settings, where the aesthetic appeal, durability, and functionality of flooring play a crucial role. Modular flooring, particularly materials like carpet tiles, LVT (Luxury Vinyl Tiles), and other innovative solutions, caters to the evolving needs of contemporary workplaces, providing a balance between visual aesthetics and practical performance. Additionally, the workplace segment benefits from the trend towards open office layouts and collaborative spaces, where modular flooring allows for creative and customizable floor designs. As the corporate landscape continues to evolve and workplaces prioritize employee well-being and productivity through thoughtful interior design, the Workplace segment is poised to maintain its dominance in the India Modular Flooring Market. The sustained demand for innovative and visually appealing flooring solutions in corporate settings, coupled with the adaptability of modular flooring to meet these requirements, positions the Workplace segment as a key driver of growth in the Indian market, reflecting the ongoing transformation of workspaces and the importance placed on the overall design aesthetics in the professional environment.


Download Free Sample Report

Regional Insights

The Western region of India emerged as the dominant force in the Modular Flooring Market and is poised to sustain its leading position during the forecast period. The Western region, encompassing states such as Maharashtra, Gujarat, and others, has experienced significant growth in the construction and real estate sectors, particularly in urban centers like Mumbai and Pune. The dominance of the Western region is attributed to robust economic activities, increasing urbanization, and a surge in commercial and residential development projects. As metropolitan areas within the Western region continue to witness substantial infrastructural investments, the demand for modular flooring solutions has surged. The region's economic vibrancy, coupled with a rising awareness of the benefits of modular flooring in both residential and commercial applications, positions it as a key market driver. Additionally, the Western region serves as a hub for architectural and design trends, influencing the adoption of innovative flooring solutions in modern construction projects. As the construction industry continues to thrive and consumer preferences evolve, the Western region is expected to maintain its dominance in the India Modular Flooring Market. The sustained demand for modular flooring in this region is reflective of the ongoing urbanization trends, increased disposable income, and a strong emphasis on modern and aesthetically pleasing interior spaces, contributing to the region's pivotal role in shaping the trajectory of the modular flooring market in India.

Recent Developments

  • In March 2023, FloorTech Innovations, a key player in the India Modular Flooring Market, announced a groundbreaking development with the introduction of its innovative modular flooring series. Leveraging advanced manufacturing techniques and sustainable materials, the new series aims to redefine the standards of modular flooring in terms of durability, design flexibility, and eco-friendliness. FloorTech Innovations' commitment to pushing the boundaries of modular flooring aligns with the increasing market demand for cutting-edge solutions that balance aesthetics with functionality, addressing the evolving preferences of consumers and businesses.
  • In June 2023, DesignFloors, a leading modular flooring manufacturer, unveiled a state-of-the-art digital design tool, offering customers an immersive and personalized experience in choosing flooring patterns and styles. This innovative tool utilizes augmented reality (AR) technology, allowing users to visualize how different modular flooring options would look in their specific spaces. DesignFloors' emphasis on providing a user-friendly and interactive platform underscores the importance of customization and the integration of technology in meeting the diverse needs of consumers in the India Modular Flooring Market.

Key Market Players

  • Interface, Inc.
  • Armstrong World Industries, Inc.
  • Mohawk Industries, Inc
  • Forbo Flooring India Pvt. Ltd.
  • Responsive Industries Ltd.
  • Greenlam Industries Ltd.
  • Classic Floorings & Interiors Pvt. Ltd.
  • Kajaria Ceramics Ltd.
  • Gerflor India Flooring Pvt. Ltd.
  • Asian Granito India Ltd.

By Product Type

By Components

By End Users

By Region

  • Ceramic
  • Rubber
  • Carpet Tile
  • Rigid LVT
  • Polyoefin (Non-Vinyl)
  • Flexible LVT
  • Others
  • Polyvinyl Chloride Resins
  • Plasticizers
  • Trace Stabilizers
  • Pigments
  • Others
  • Retail
  • Healthcare
  • Education
  • Workplace
  • Others
  • North India
  • South India
  • West India
  • East India     


Report Scope:

In this report, the India Modular Flooring Market has been segmented into the following categories, in addition to the industry trends which have also been detailed below:

  • Modular Flooring Market, By Product Type:

o   Ceramic

o   Rubber

o   Carpet Tile

o   Rigid LVT

o   Polyoefin (Non-Vinyl)

o   Flexible LVT

o   Others

  • Modular Flooring Market, By Components:

o   Polyvinyl Chloride Resins

o   Plasticizers

o   Trace Stabilizers

o   Pigments

o   Others    

  • Modular Flooring Market, By End Users:

o   Retail

o   Healthcare

o   Education

o   Workplace

o   Others

  • Modular Flooring Market, By Region:

o   North India

o   South India

o   West India

o   East India     

Competitive Landscape

Company Profiles: Detailed analysis of the major companies present in the India Modular Flooring Market.

Available Customizations:

India Modular Flooring Market report with the given market data, Tech Sci Research offers customizations according to a company's specific needs. The following customization options are available for the report:

Company Information

  • Detailed analysis and profiling of additional market players (up to five).

India Modular Flooring Market is an upcoming report to be released soon. If you wish an early delivery of this report or want to confirm the date of release, please contact us at [email protected]

Table of content

Table of content

1.         Product Overview

1.1.    Market Definition

1.2.    Scope of the Market

1.2.1.Markets Covered

1.2.2.Years Considered for Study

1.2.3.Key Market Segmentations

2.         Research Methodology

2.1.    Objective of the Study

2.2.    Baseline Methodology

2.3.    Formulation of the Scope

2.4.    Assumptions and Limitations

2.5.    Sources of Research

2.5.1.Secondary Research

2.5.2.Primary Research

2.6.    Approach for the Market Study

2.6.1.The Bottom-Up Approach

2.6.2.The Top-Down Approach

2.7.    Methodology Followed for Calculation of Market Size & Market Shares

2.8.    Forecasting Methodology

2.8.1.Data Triangulation & Validation

3.         Executive Summary

4.         Impact of COVID-19 on India Modular Flooring Market

5.         Voice of Customer

6.         India Modular Flooring Market Overview

7.         India Modular Flooring Market Outlook

7.1.    Market Size & Forecast

7.1.1.By Value

7.2.    Market Share & Forecast

7.2.1.By Product Type (Ceramic, Rubber, Carpet Tile, Rigid LVT, Polyoefin (Non-Vinyl), Flexible LVT, Others)

7.2.2.By Components (Polyvinyl Chloride Resins, Plasticizers, Trace Stabilizers, Pigments, Others)

7.2.3.By End Users (Retail, Healthcare, Education, Workplace, Others)

     7.2.4.By Region (North, South, West, East)

7.3.    By Company (2024)

7.4.    Market Map

8.         North India Modular Flooring Market Outlook

8.1.    Market Size & Forecast

8.1.1.By Value

8.2.    Market Share & Forecast

8.2.1.By Product Type

8.2.2.By Components

8.2.3.By End Users

9.         South India Modular Flooring Market Outlook

9.1.    Market Size & Forecast

9.1.1.By Value

9.2.    Market Share & Forecast

9.2.1.By Product Type

9.2.2.By Components

9.2.3.By End Users

10.      West India Modular Flooring Market Outlook

10.1. Market Size & Forecast

10.1.1.     By Value

10.2. Market Share & Forecast

10.2.1.              By Product Type

10.2.2.              By Components

10.2.3.              By End Users

11.      East India Modular Flooring Market Outlook

11.1. Market Size & Forecast

11.1.1.     By Value

11.2. Market Share & Forecast

11.2.1.              By Product Type

11.2.2.              By Components

11.2.3.              By End Users

12.      Market Dynamics

12.1. Drivers

12.2. Challenges

13.      Market Trends and Developments

14.      Company Profiles

15.1.  Interface, Inc.

15.1.1.     Business Overview

15.1.2.     Key Revenue and Financials  

15.1.3.     Recent Developments

15.1.4.     Key Personnel/Key Contact Person

15.1.5.     Key Product/Services Offered

15.2.  Armstrong World Industries, Inc.

15.2.1.     Business Overview

15.2.2.     Key Revenue and Financials  

15.2.3.     Recent Developments

15.2.4.     Key Personnel/Key Contact Person

15.2.5.     Key Product/Services Offered

15.3.  Mohawk Industries, Inc

15.3.1.     Business Overview

15.3.2.     Key Revenue and Financials  

15.3.3.     Recent Developments

15.3.4.     Key Personnel/Key Contact Person

15.3.5.     Key Product/Services Offered

15.4.  Forbo Flooring India Pvt. Ltd.

15.4.1.     Business Overview

15.4.2.     Key Revenue and Financials  

15.4.3.     Recent Developments

15.4.4.     Key Personnel/Key Contact Person

15.4.5.     Key Product/Services Offered

15.5.  Responsive Industries Ltd.

15.5.1.     Business Overview

15.5.2.     Key Revenue and Financials  

15.5.3.     Recent Developments

15.5.4.     Key Personnel/Key Contact Person

15.5.5.     Key Product/Services Offered

15.6.  Greenlam Industries Ltd.

15.6.1.     Business Overview

15.6.2.     Key Revenue and Financials  

15.6.3.     Recent Developments

15.6.4.     Key Personnel/Key Contact Person

15.6.5.     Key Product/Services Offered

15.7.  Classic Floorings & Interiors Pvt. Ltd.

15.7.1.     Business Overview

15.7.2.     Key Revenue and Financials  

15.7.3.     Recent Developments

15.7.4.     Key Personnel/Key Contact Person

15.7.5.     Key Product/Services Offered

15.8.  Kajaria Ceramics Ltd.

15.8.1.     Business Overview

15.8.2.     Key Revenue and Financials  

15.8.3.     Recent Developments

15.8.4.     Key Personnel/Key Contact Person

15.8.5.     Key Product/Services Offered

15.9.  Gerflor India Flooring Pvt. Ltd.

15.9.1.     Business Overview

15.9.2.     Key Revenue and Financials  

15.9.3.     Recent Developments

15.9.4.     Key Personnel/Key Contact Person

15.9.5.     Key Product/Services Offered

15.10.   Asian Granito India Ltd.

15.10.1.   Business Overview

15.10.2.   Key Revenue and Financials  

15.10.3.   Recent Developments

15.10.4.   Key Personnel/Key Contact Person

15.10.5.   Key Product/Services Offered

16.      Strategic Recommendations

17. About Us & Disclaimer

Figures and Tables

Frequently asked questions

Frequently asked questions

The market size of the India Modular Flooring Market was USD 3.4 billion in 2024.

In the India Modular Flooring Market, the Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Resins segment exhibited significant dominance, driven by its durability, cost-effectiveness, and versatility, making it a preferred choice for various residential and commercial flooring applications.

West India dominated the India Modular Flooring Market, attributed to rapid urbanization, robust infrastructure development, and increasing construction activities in key cities like Mumbai and Pune, leading to higher demand for modular flooring solutions in residential and commercial sectors.

The major drivers for the India Modular Flooring Market include increasing urbanization, changing consumer preferences, a demand for customizable and easy-to-install solutions, a focus on interior aesthetics, and the growth of the real estate sector.

Related Reports