Gravity Energy Storage Market Size and Outlook 2031

Report Description

Forecast Period	2027-2031
Market Size (2025)	USD 454.49 Million
CAGR (2026-2031)	32.64%
Fastest Growing Segment	Residential
Largest Market	North America
Market Size (2031)	USD 2474.98 Million

Market Overview

The Global Gravity Energy Storage Market will grow from USD 454.49 Million in 2025 to USD 2474.98 Million by 2031 at a 32.64% CAGR. Gravity energy storage systems function by elevating heavy masses, such as water or solid concrete blocks, to store potential energy and subsequently lowering them to generate electricity. The market is principally driven by the accelerating integration of intermittent renewable energy sources, which necessitates reliable long-duration storage to ensure grid stability and continuous power supply. These structural drivers are distinct from industry trends, such as the modularization of solid-mass designs, as they address the fundamental requirement for balancing energy loads. According to the International Hydropower Association, in 2025, global pumped storage hydropower capacity reached 189 GW, demonstrating the substantial scale and critical role of gravity-based technologies in the current energy landscape.

Despite this established capacity, the market faces a significant challenge regarding high upfront capital expenditures and restrictive topographical requirements. Traditional systems require specific geographic features, while emerging solid-mass solutions contend with the financial hurdles of proving commercial viability at scale. These site-specific limitations and economic barriers can severely impede the rapid deployment of new projects needed to match the growing demand for renewable energy storage.

Key Market Drivers

The rapid expansion of intermittent renewable energy capacities serves as the primary catalyst for the gravity energy storage market. As nations aggressively scale solar and wind infrastructure to meet decarbonization goals, the variable nature of these resources creates a critical disparity between generation and consumption windows. Gravity-based systems absorb excess power during peak generation and release it during lulls, effectively smoothing the supply curve. According to the International Energy Agency, January 2024, in the 'Renewables 2023' report, global annual renewable capacity additions increased by almost 50% to nearly 510 GW in 2023, intensifying the immediate requirement for complementary storage infrastructure. This surge in variable generation capability directly obliges grid operators to procure robust balancing mechanisms that do not suffer from the degradation issues common in chemical batteries.

Concurrently, the market is propelled by the escalating demand for long-duration grid-scale storage solutions that sustain power output for extended periods. Unlike lithium-ion batteries, which are economically optimized for short durations, gravity storage offers a cost-effective pathway for managing energy shifts exceeding four hours, a necessity for baseload replacement. This capability is evidenced by the commercialization of large-scale gravity assets designed to stabilize regional grids against prolonged fluctuations. For instance, according to Energy Vault Holdings, Inc., May 2024, in the 'Energy Vault Successfully Tests, Commissions Gravity Storage System in China' announcement, the company successfully connected a 100 MWh gravity energy storage system to the state grid in Rudong, validating the scalability of non-hydro gravity technologies. Furthermore, the broader sector continues to expand to meet these grid needs; according to the International Hydropower Association, in 2024, the global pumped storage hydropower capacity grew by 6.5 GW in 2023 alone.

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Key Market Challenges

High upfront capital expenditures and restrictive topographical requirements constitute a primary barrier to the Global Gravity Energy Storage Market. Unlike modular battery systems, gravity based solutions such as pumped hydro and large solid mass structures require specific geological features and substantial initial funding. This rigidity forces developers to dedicate years to site feasibility studies and infrastructure financing, significantly extending project lead times. Consequently, these impediments heighten the risk profile for investors and decelerate the deployment of new storage capacity needed for grid stability.

These limitations directly widen the gap between installed capacity and global decarbonization needs. The inability to rapidly scale due to economic and physical constraints severely restricts market expansion. According to the International Hydropower Association, in 2025, the sector is projected to fall 60 to 70 GW short of the capacity targets required to meet the 2030 goal of tripling renewable energy. This shortfall highlights how capital and geographic hurdles effectively hamper the industry growth, preventing it from fully capitalizing on the rising demand for long duration energy storage.

Key Market Trends

Repurposing decommissioned mine shafts for underground storage is gaining traction as a viable method to circumvent the topographic and environmental constraints of traditional pumped hydro. This approach utilizes existing vertical depth to generate gravitational potential energy, significantly reducing civil engineering costs while revitalizing inactive industrial sites. Developers are actively securing legacy assets to validate this model; for instance, according to Renew Economy, September 2025, in the 'Australian gravity story hopeful locks in first underground trial with NSW coal mine' article, Green Gravity secured a binding lease for a trial at the Russell Vale mine, supporting a development pipeline that has expanded to 10 GWh. By leveraging abandoned infrastructure, this trend offers a scalable pathway to deploy long-duration storage without the extensive land use associated with above-ground concrete structures.

Simultaneously, the emergence of hybrid gravity-battery storage systems is optimizing grid responsiveness and economic efficiency. These integrated solutions combine the rapid frequency regulation of chemical batteries with the long-duration endurance of gravity blocks, addressing a broader spectrum of grid services. Major industry players are capitalizing on this diversified strategy to drive commercial growth; according to Energy-Storage.news, November 2025, in the 'Energy Vault credits expanded markets and new strategies with Q3 2025 growth' report, Energy Vault recorded revenue of $33.3 million, a 27-fold increase driven by its expanded portfolio of hybrid and battery deployments. This shift indicates a maturing market where gravity technology is increasingly deployed as a complementary component within a holistic energy management architecture.

Segmental Insights

Based on data from industry analysis, the Residential segment is recognized as the fastest-growing category within the Global Gravity Energy Storage Market. This accelerated expansion is primarily driven by the global shift toward decentralized power generation, specifically the widespread adoption of rooftop solar photovoltaics. Homeowners are increasingly seeking sustainable, long-duration alternatives to conventional chemical batteries to mitigate fire risks and capacity degradation. Consequently, the market is witnessing a rise in modular gravity-based systems designed for domestic use. These units allow households to store excess renewable energy efficiently, ensuring power resilience and reducing reliance on central utility grids during peak demand periods.

Regional Insights

North America holds a dominant position in the global gravity energy storage market, driven by substantial investments in grid modernization and long-duration energy storage infrastructure. The United States leads this growth through federal initiatives aimed at integrating renewable energy sources and enhancing grid resilience. Organizations such as the U.S. Department of Energy actively support the commercialization of these technologies to meet decarbonization mandates. Additionally, the region benefits from the presence of key industry developers and early-stage commercial projects, which accelerates the adoption of gravity-based solutions as a distinct alternative to conventional pumped hydro and chemical battery systems.

Recent Developments

In October 2024, Green Gravity initiated a collaboration with Glencore and the Mount Isa City Council to assess the deployment of gravitational energy storage in Queensland, Australia. The company commenced site concept engineering to repurpose deep shafts at copper mines scheduled for closure, targeting a potential storage capacity of up to 2 GWh. This project involved moving heavy weights within legacy infrastructure to store and release renewable energy. The partnership highlighted a strategic approach to mine rehabilitation, aiming to transform expiring industrial assets into valuable grid infrastructure that supports the region's transition to sustainable power generation.
In June 2024, Energy Vault entered into an exclusive global partnership with the architecture and engineering firm Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM). The collaboration focused on integrating gravity energy storage technology directly into the structural design of tall buildings and urban skyscrapers. Under this agreement, the partners aimed to develop superstructure tower designs capable of delivering multi-gigawatt-hour energy storage capacity. The initiative sought to maximize the sustainability of urban environments by utilizing the potential energy of building mass, thereby accelerating carbon payback and offering a novel solution for renewable energy integration in densely populated areas.
In May 2024, Energy Vault and Enel Green Power announced a strategic partnership to construct a gravity energy storage system in the United States. The companies planned to deploy an 18 MW/36 MWh facility in Texas, utilizing the ERCOT energy market to validate the technology's commercial viability. This project represented the first large-scale application of the company's gravity-based storage solution in a Western country. The facility was designed to operate alongside a research center for sustainable technologies, aiming to demonstrate the system's round-trip efficiency and ability to provide reliable, long-duration energy storage using composite block architecture.
In February 2024, Gravitricity signed an agreement with the regeneration firm Callio Pyhäjärvi to develop a gravity energy storage facility at the Pyhäsalmi mine in central Finland. The project involved transforming a 530-meter deep auxiliary shaft into a full-scale commercial prototype with a storage capacity of up to 2 MW. By winching heavy weights within the disused mine shaft, the system was designed to capture excess renewable power and provide rapid balancing services to the Finnish electricity grid. This collaboration marked a significant milestone as the first deployment of the company's gravity-based technology in a European mine environment.

Key Market Players

Energy Vault Holdings, Inc.
Highview Enterprises Ltd
Egan Legacy Partners
VFlowTech Pte Ltd
PowerVault
ThorCon DMCC
Epsilon Energy Ltd
Orbital Marine Power

By Type	By Component	By Application	By End-Use	By Region
Pumped Hydro Storage Gravitational Potential Energy Storage Kinetic Energy Storage Hybrid Systems	Mechanical Electrical Power Conversion System	Load Shifting Renewable Energy Integration Frequency Regulation Black Start Capability Microgrids	Residential Commercial Industrial Utilities	North America Europe Asia Pacific South America Middle East & Africa

Report Scope:

In this report, the Global Gravity Energy Storage Market has been segmented into the following categories, in addition to the industry trends which have also been detailed below:

Gravity Energy Storage Market, By Type:

Pumped Hydro Storage
Gravitational Potential Energy Storage
Kinetic Energy Storage
Hybrid Systems

Gravity Energy Storage Market, By Component:

Mechanical
Electrical
Power Conversion System

Gravity Energy Storage Market, By Application:

Load Shifting
Renewable Energy Integration
Frequency Regulation
Black Start Capability
Microgrids

Gravity Energy Storage Market, By End-Use:

Residential
Commercial
Industrial
Utilities

Gravity Energy Storage Market, By Region:

North America

United States
Canada
Mexico

Europe

France
United Kingdom
Italy
Germany
Spain

Asia Pacific

China
India
Japan
Australia
South Korea

South America

Brazil
Argentina
Colombia

Middle East & Africa

South Africa
Saudi Arabia
UAE

Competitive Landscape

Company Profiles: Detailed analysis of the major companies present in the Global Gravity Energy Storage Market.

Available Customizations:

Global Gravity Energy Storage Market report with the given market data, TechSci Research offers customizations according to a company's specific needs. The following customization options are available for the report:

Company Information

Detailed analysis and profiling of additional market players (up to five).

Global Gravity Energy Storage Market is an upcoming report to be released soon. If you wish an early delivery of this report or want to confirm the date of release, please contact us at [email protected]

Table of content

1. Product Overview

1.1. Market Definition

1.2. Scope of the Market

1.2.1. Markets Covered

1.2.2. Years Considered for Study

1.2.3. Key Market Segmentations

2. Research Methodology

2.1. Objective of the Study

2.2. Baseline Methodology

2.3. Key Industry Partners

2.4. Major Association and Secondary Sources

2.5. Forecasting Methodology

2.6. Data Triangulation & Validation

2.7. Assumptions and Limitations

3. Executive Summary

3.1. Overview of the Market

3.2. Overview of Key Market Segmentations

3.3. Overview of Key Market Players

3.4. Overview of Key Regions/Countries

3.5. Overview of Market Drivers, Challenges, Trends

4. Voice of Customer

5. Global Gravity Energy Storage Market Outlook

5.1. Market Size & Forecast

5.1.1. By Value

5.2. Market Share & Forecast

5.2.1. By Type (Pumped Hydro Storage, Gravitational Potential Energy Storage, Kinetic Energy Storage, Hybrid Systems)

5.2.2. By Component (Mechanical, Electrical, Power Conversion System)

5.2.3. By Application (Load Shifting, Renewable Energy Integration, Frequency Regulation, Black Start Capability, Microgrids)

5.2.4. By End-Use (Residential, Commercial, Industrial, Utilities)

5.2.5. By Region

5.2.6. By Company (2025)

5.3. Market Map

6. North America Gravity Energy Storage Market Outlook

6.1. Market Size & Forecast

6.1.1. By Value

6.2. Market Share & Forecast

6.2.1. By Type

6.2.2. By Component

6.2.3. By Application

6.2.4. By End-Use

6.2.5. By Country

6.3. North America: Country Analysis

6.3.1. United States Gravity Energy Storage Market Outlook

6.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast

6.3.1.1.1. By Value

6.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast

6.3.1.2.1. By Type

6.3.1.2.2. By Component

6.3.1.2.3. By Application

6.3.1.2.4. By End-Use

6.3.2. Canada Gravity Energy Storage Market Outlook

6.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast

6.3.2.1.1. By Value

6.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast

6.3.2.2.1. By Type

6.3.2.2.2. By Component

6.3.2.2.3. By Application

6.3.2.2.4. By End-Use

6.3.3. Mexico Gravity Energy Storage Market Outlook

6.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast

6.3.3.1.1. By Value

6.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast

6.3.3.2.1. By Type

6.3.3.2.2. By Component

6.3.3.2.3. By Application

6.3.3.2.4. By End-Use

7. Europe Gravity Energy Storage Market Outlook

7.1. Market Size & Forecast

7.1.1. By Value

7.2. Market Share & Forecast

7.2.1. By Type

7.2.2. By Component

7.2.3. By Application

7.2.4. By End-Use

7.2.5. By Country

7.3. Europe: Country Analysis

7.3.1. Germany Gravity Energy Storage Market Outlook

7.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast

7.3.1.1.1. By Value

7.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast

7.3.1.2.1. By Type

7.3.1.2.2. By Component

7.3.1.2.3. By Application

7.3.1.2.4. By End-Use

7.3.2. France Gravity Energy Storage Market Outlook

7.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast

7.3.2.1.1. By Value

7.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast

7.3.2.2.1. By Type

7.3.2.2.2. By Component

7.3.2.2.3. By Application

7.3.2.2.4. By End-Use

7.3.3. United Kingdom Gravity Energy Storage Market Outlook

7.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast

7.3.3.1.1. By Value

7.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast

7.3.3.2.1. By Type

7.3.3.2.2. By Component

7.3.3.2.3. By Application

7.3.3.2.4. By End-Use

7.3.4. Italy Gravity Energy Storage Market Outlook

7.3.4.1. Market Size & Forecast

7.3.4.1.1. By Value

7.3.4.2. Market Share & Forecast

7.3.4.2.1. By Type

7.3.4.2.2. By Component

7.3.4.2.3. By Application

7.3.4.2.4. By End-Use

7.3.5. Spain Gravity Energy Storage Market Outlook

7.3.5.1. Market Size & Forecast

7.3.5.1.1. By Value

7.3.5.2. Market Share & Forecast

7.3.5.2.1. By Type

7.3.5.2.2. By Component

7.3.5.2.3. By Application

7.3.5.2.4. By End-Use

8. Asia Pacific Gravity Energy Storage Market Outlook

8.1. Market Size & Forecast

8.1.1. By Value

8.2. Market Share & Forecast

8.2.1. By Type

8.2.2. By Component

8.2.3. By Application

8.2.4. By End-Use

8.2.5. By Country

8.3. Asia Pacific: Country Analysis

8.3.1. China Gravity Energy Storage Market Outlook

8.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast

8.3.1.1.1. By Value

8.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast

8.3.1.2.1. By Type

8.3.1.2.2. By Component

8.3.1.2.3. By Application

8.3.1.2.4. By End-Use

8.3.2. India Gravity Energy Storage Market Outlook

8.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast

8.3.2.1.1. By Value

8.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast

8.3.2.2.1. By Type

8.3.2.2.2. By Component

8.3.2.2.3. By Application

8.3.2.2.4. By End-Use

8.3.3. Japan Gravity Energy Storage Market Outlook

8.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast

8.3.3.1.1. By Value

8.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast

8.3.3.2.1. By Type

8.3.3.2.2. By Component

8.3.3.2.3. By Application

8.3.3.2.4. By End-Use

8.3.4. South Korea Gravity Energy Storage Market Outlook

8.3.4.1. Market Size & Forecast

8.3.4.1.1. By Value

8.3.4.2. Market Share & Forecast

8.3.4.2.1. By Type

8.3.4.2.2. By Component

8.3.4.2.3. By Application

8.3.4.2.4. By End-Use

8.3.5. Australia Gravity Energy Storage Market Outlook

8.3.5.1. Market Size & Forecast

8.3.5.1.1. By Value

8.3.5.2. Market Share & Forecast

8.3.5.2.1. By Type

8.3.5.2.2. By Component

8.3.5.2.3. By Application

8.3.5.2.4. By End-Use

9. Middle East & Africa Gravity Energy Storage Market Outlook

9.1. Market Size & Forecast

9.1.1. By Value

9.2. Market Share & Forecast

9.2.1. By Type

9.2.2. By Component

9.2.3. By Application

9.2.4. By End-Use

9.2.5. By Country

9.3. Middle East & Africa: Country Analysis

9.3.1. Saudi Arabia Gravity Energy Storage Market Outlook

9.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast

9.3.1.1.1. By Value

9.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast

9.3.1.2.1. By Type

9.3.1.2.2. By Component

9.3.1.2.3. By Application

9.3.1.2.4. By End-Use

9.3.2. UAE Gravity Energy Storage Market Outlook

9.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast

9.3.2.1.1. By Value

9.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast

9.3.2.2.1. By Type

9.3.2.2.2. By Component

9.3.2.2.3. By Application

9.3.2.2.4. By End-Use

9.3.3. South Africa Gravity Energy Storage Market Outlook

9.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast

9.3.3.1.1. By Value

9.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast

9.3.3.2.1. By Type

9.3.3.2.2. By Component

9.3.3.2.3. By Application

9.3.3.2.4. By End-Use

10. South America Gravity Energy Storage Market Outlook

10.1. Market Size & Forecast

10.1.1. By Value

10.2. Market Share & Forecast

10.2.1. By Type

10.2.2. By Component

10.2.3. By Application

10.2.4. By End-Use

10.2.5. By Country

10.3. South America: Country Analysis

10.3.1. Brazil Gravity Energy Storage Market Outlook

10.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast

10.3.1.1.1. By Value

10.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast

10.3.1.2.1. By Type

10.3.1.2.2. By Component

10.3.1.2.3. By Application

10.3.1.2.4. By End-Use

10.3.2. Colombia Gravity Energy Storage Market Outlook

10.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast

10.3.2.1.1. By Value

10.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast

10.3.2.2.1. By Type

10.3.2.2.2. By Component

10.3.2.2.3. By Application

10.3.2.2.4. By End-Use

10.3.3. Argentina Gravity Energy Storage Market Outlook

10.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast

10.3.3.1.1. By Value

10.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast

10.3.3.2.1. By Type

10.3.3.2.2. By Component

10.3.3.2.3. By Application

10.3.3.2.4. By End-Use

11. Market Dynamics

11.1. Drivers

11.2. Challenges

12. Market Trends & Developments

12.1. Merger & Acquisition (If Any)

12.2. Product Launches (If Any)

12.3. Recent Developments

13. Global Gravity Energy Storage Market: SWOT Analysis

14. Porter's Five Forces Analysis

14.1. Competition in the Industry

14.2. Potential of New Entrants

14.3. Power of Suppliers

14.4. Power of Customers

14.5. Threat of Substitute Products

15. Competitive Landscape

15.1. Energy Vault Holdings, Inc.

15.1.1. Business Overview

15.1.2. Products & Services

15.1.3. Recent Developments

15.1.4. Key Personnel

15.1.5. SWOT Analysis

15.2. Highview Enterprises Ltd

15.3. Egan Legacy Partners

15.4. VFlowTech Pte Ltd

15.5. PowerVault

15.6. ThorCon DMCC

15.7. Epsilon Energy Ltd

15.8. Orbital Marine Power

16. Strategic Recommendations

17. About Us & Disclaimer

Report Description

Table of content

Figures and Tables

Frequently asked questions

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