Introduction:
The electric two-wheeler set-up
appears a lot more promising, in the form of research, financial acquisitions
& investments, that makes the electric vehicle segment thrilling. Well,
there is also the forward push by the government and the references of its
think-tank, NITI Aayog.
Why EV’s? The innovation
of internal combustion engine is one of the best creations of humankind. The
traditional vehicles with ICE provide a good performance but are the major
cause for poor efficiency and environment pollution across the country.
Decreasing fuel consumption and carbon
emissions are the most important goal among the present day plan of government
across the globe. Thinking about the future of a country, an efficient and
eco-friendly electric two-wheeler must be designed and manufactured.
What’s the need of Electric and Hybrid Two Wheelers?
All existing two wheelers that
are in the market cause pollution and their fuel cost is also swelling day by
day. To compensate the changing fuel
cost and dipping the pollution, a good remedy is needed.
Zero tailpipe emission
technologies have long been held up as the last solution to
transportation-related pollution problems. Electric two wheelers have been
offered for several decades. Electric two wheelers, with their zero tailpipe
emissions, can significantly improve urban air quality.
Working Principle
The
working starts with a battery connection.
The battery consists of two terminals one is positive and another one is
the negative terminal. The positive
terminal is linked to the stator body of the motor on the other hand, the negative
terminal is linked to the edge of the vehicle. The battery and the motor are
connected into series. The wire connections
were made for the flow of electrons starting with one section then onto the
next part. At the point when the engine empowers through the current, the
stator field coil gets magnetized and induces the rotor shaft to rotate in the
counter clockwise direction. Towards the finish of the engine shaft significant
conditions were made for the seating of clutch assembly. Clutch is a power
transmission gadget, which offers drive to the back wheel. The Clutch get
together is situated with the rotor shaft through needle orientation. On the
other end of the rotor shaft an alternator is settled for the reviving
framework, as it is an electrical gadget which changes over the rotational
power into the electromotive power. This alternator is connected to revive the
battery while the vehicle is in movement. This course of action is done through
V-belt pulley.
The current flows from the
battery with a guide of control framework to the stator body. This current makes
the field coil temporarily magnetized with the goal that the rotor shaft tends
to pivot in its virtual speed. As there is a V-belt drive between the pedal
shaft and the grasp gathering, the movement of the vehicle is sufficiently
attained.
The speed in the pedal shaft is
constantly lessened with the utilization of sprockets. Here the speed decrease
is in the proportion of 1:4. This game plan lessens the speed of the engine repeatedly.
To the correct side of the vehicle there lies a chain drive for the pedal
shaft. A free wheel is mounted on the back wheel to limit the turn of the pedal
under running condition.
What are the principal parts of electric two wheelers framework?
Basically, a two wheeler gets its
electricity from two sources – a battery
and an alternator. The function of the battery is to store charge, it
maintains a stated voltage and keeps the electrical system working when the
engine is switched off.
On the other hand, the
alternator, produces electricity when the engine is switched on. It takes care
of spreading electricity to numerous electrical devices and charges the battery
on the go. Let’s go in little detail of the two:
BATTERY
A
12-volt two wheeler battery is a six-cell unit and is made of a plastic having
a set of positive and negative plates occupied in an electrolyte. When fully
charged each cell has a voltage of around 2.1 volts, which leads to a combined
voltage of around 12.6 volts. The main function of the battery is to deliver
Direct Current to the vehicles electronics when the engine is turned off. Moreover,
the battery also provides the current to crank up the engine.
Obviously, lithium ion batteries
of some kind would be the great enabler. Lithium is a now entering the market,
they are still very costly and something of a question mark. Traditional
lithium cells, as utilized in PCs, have a warm runaway potential - meaning they
tend to burst into flames, now and again like a Roman light. New materials and
sciences considering lithium are endeavouring to address the wellbeing issue. Moreover,
the prices of the lithium ion batteries have come down and the battery
manufacturers are claiming no fire problems.
Battery Upgradation
|
|
Lead-Acid
|
Lithium-Ion
|
|
Construction
|
Lead Dioxide (PbO
2)
|
Lithium Metal Ions
|
|
Performance/Maintenance
|
Undesirable
|
Desirable
|
|
Energy/Weight Ratio
|
Low
|
High
|
|
Applications
|
Non-weight,
space
critical
applications
(Car
Starters)
|
Low
weight, low space consumption
|
The function of the alternator is to generate electricity when the engine gets started. The alternator uses the engine’s crankshaft to turn the magnets and produce electricity. It produces alternating current (AC) which needs to be converted to direct current which is attained over a regulator which not only converts AC to DC but also regulates the amount of current that is sent to all the electronics present.
WIRING HARNESS
The current produced on a two wheeler is channelized through a wiring harness. It plays an essential role in connecting various electrical and electronic components on a two-wheeler. The wiring harness is a set of wires, terminals and connectors, designed for a two wheeler model to supply electric power.
CONTROLLERS
There are mainly two types of controllers, one is brushed, and another is brushless. According to the motor in use the function of the controller also varies. Because of high efficiency, less cost and durability, the brushless motors are popular nowadays, whereas brushed motors because of less complex controller mechanism, is still in use fairly.
Let’s have a look
that how these two wheelers are produced/manufactured?
Manufacturing Unit Size: The size of the unit totally depends upon
the volume of business we need to do, the quantum of assets we have available
to us, and the turnover target we intend to accomplish.
For an instance:
· Hero
Electric is
considering over setting up multiple assembly plants to meet its target of
increasing sales by ten times over the next five years, including exports. The
company currently has a production capacity of 50,000 units per annum at its
Ludhiana plant.
Production Line:
In the manufacturing unit parts like Handle bar, Frame, Fork, Swing arm, Carriers, Centre and side stands are being manufactured.