Diabetes has become an increasingly common disease that has become prevalent over the years. The hormone “Insulin” which regulates sugar metabolism, is either not produced enough (type-1 diabetes) or the body is not able to efficiently use the insulin produced (type-2 diabetes). While type-1 diabetes is typically diagnosed in childhood and requires lifelong insulin therapy to manage blood sugar levels, type-2 diabetes can develop at any age and can be managed with either lifestyle changes or oral medications.
Over the years, various researches have been undergoing across the world regarding wearable skin-patches that deliver precise amounts of insulin as per the individual’s blood sugar level. These collective efforts over the years have collaborated towards the development of diabetic patch sensor, also known as Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM). It is a medical device designed to monitor and track blood sugar levels continuously throughout the day and night and consequently, has become an important tool in diabetes management.
Choosing the Right Diabetic Patch Sensor (CGM): 4 Major Factors
Choosing the right diabetic patch sensor is considered a significant decision for individuals with diabetes. CGM systems tend to vary in features, cost, and compatibility and is therefore essential to consider a few factors before deciding:
- Insulin Delivery Compatibility
If an individual plans to use an insulin pump, it is important to ensure that CGM system is compatible with the insulin delivery device. In addition, some CGM systems tend to integrate efficiently with insulin pumps to create a closed loop system, which simplifies diabetes management.
Diabetic patch sensors’ wear duration tends to range from 7 to 14 days. Typically, all the sensors that fall between these durations can be considered for use. Though longer wear durations may be more convenient for some users, it is recommended to talk to a medical practitioner and select a system that aligns with your preferences.
Accuracy is a significant factor that is considered while choosing a CGM system. Reputation surfaces up as a primary factor while deciding to choose on accuracy factor. A reputed brand is known for its success and customer’s trust and when it comes to prioritizing health, people do not hesitate on quality in majority of the cases. In addition, research and reviews from other users can also help in making the correct buying decision.
It’s important to know that some CGM system brands make their clinical trail data available that can provide additional insights into their performance and safety. It’s suggested to review published clinical studies and data for a more comprehensive understanding of CGM system’s capabilities.
According to TechSci Research Report “Diabetic Footwear Market - Global Industry Size, Share, Trends, Competition, Opportunity and Forecast, 2018-2028F”, Segmented By Product Type (Slippers, Sandals, Shoes), By End User (Male, Female), By Distribution Channel (Direct, Indirect), By Region, By Competition Forecast & Opportunities, 2018-2028F, ” the Global Diabetic Footwear Market has valued at USD7.39 billion in 2022 and is anticipated to project robust growth in the forecast period with a CAGR of 7.55% through 2028. Diabetic footwear refers to specially designed shoes and inserts that cater to the specific needs of individuals with diabetes.
Safety and Hygiene Considerations
Ensuring the safety and hygiene of a diabetic patch sensor, also known as a Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) system, is of utmost importance to prevent skin irritation or infections and to uphold accurate glucose readings. It is essential to initiate this process by starting with clean hands by thoroughly washing them with soap and water before handling the CGM sensor. This practice minimizes the risk of introducing bacteria or contaminants to the sensor site.
Removing an old sensor should be done with caution. One should do it carefully and gently to minimize skin trauma as removing it abruptly can lead to skin irritations. In addition, disposing of used sensors and its components should be in accordance with local regulations and manufacturer’s instructions. Here are some sensor tips to consider as well:
- Before applying the sensor on your skin while going to bed, ensure an adequate warm-up period of the sensor for its efficient working.
- Make sure not to place your CGM where your skin folds or bends as it may affect the sensor’s lifecycle. Another recommended step is to change the placement sites with every session.
- A dry sensor provides correct and efficient readings. Therefore, if you are caught up in rain, ensure to dry the sensor by patting it with a towel.
Improved Insights During Exercise With CGM
Exercise poses unique challenges for individuals with diabetes. Physical activity can lead to fluctuations in blood sugar levels, which vary depending on factors such as the type, intensity, and duration of exercise. These fluctuations can be particularly concerning because both high and low blood sugar levels can impact performance, safety, and overall well-being during exercise.
Alert System: CGM systems are equipped with customizable alerts and alarms. Users can set thresholds for low and high blood sugar levels, and the system will issue warnings when these thresholds are approached or breached. During exercise, these alerts can signal the need to take action to prevent hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia.
Adjusting Insulin Doses: CGM data can inform adjustments to insulin doses for individuals under insulin therapy. Through this information, users can reduce their insulin doses before exercise to minimize the risk of hypoglycemia or adjust insulin delivery after or during exercise to efficiently manage post-exercise glucose spikes.
Information on Carbohydrate Consumption: Users can make informed decisions about carbohydrate consumption before, during, and after exercise. CGM data can guide users in adjusting their carbohydrate intake to maintain stable blood sugar levels and prevent hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia.
Real Time Data During Exercises: CGM provides continuous, real-time glucose data, offering a dynamic view of how blood sugar levels change during exercise. Users can monitor their glucose levels on a graph and observe trends in real-time, allowing for timely interventions.
Thus, the real-time feedback provided by CGM systems significantly enhances the safety of exercise for people with diabetes. Users can take proactive measures to prevent dangerous blood sugar fluctuations, reducing the risk of exercise-related complications.
Comparing And Choosing CGM Brands and Models
Comparing CGM brands and models is a cumbersome task. Evaluating the best one/ones out of the many needs several factors to help determine which CGM system aligns best with your preferences and requirements.
For instance, the first factor that aligns with the user requirements is the accuracy of the CGM model or the diabetic patch sensor. Look for CGM system that offers high accuracy and reliability in glucose readings. Surprisingly, a recent study found that not all FDA-approved glucose meters meet accuracy standards. Of the top commercially available meters, 66% didn’t pass accuracy tests. Therefore, consider reading user reviews and consulting healthcare professionals for accuracy insights.
It's necessary to determine if the CGM system allows for data sharing with caregivers, healthcare providers, or family members for remote monitoring and support. This helps patients interpret their data, identify patterns, and make informed decisions about diet, insulin dosage, and lifestyle choices.
Personal goals and lifestyle considerations also invest in your CGM brand and model choice. For instance, if you travel often, a CGM system with remote monitoring capabilities may be beneficial. However, if you don’t move around much, investing in a CGM system with remote monitoring capability might not be supposedly beneficial.
Customer support and training is another important factor in choosing the right CGM brand or model. It is advised to always assess the availability of customer support and training resources provided by the CGM manufacturer. It should be noted that adequate support can be prominent in ensuring a smooth experience.
CGM System: The Limitations Involved
- Measuring Interstitial Glucose:
One limitation of CGM systems is that they measure interstitial glucose, which means that they measure the glucose in the fluid between cells, and not glucose in the blood. This creates a delay between the readings and the actual blood glucose levels. For instance, if you took insulin or ate a meal, your blood glucose may rise or fall faster as compared to interstitial glucose. This situation may cause your diabetic patch to show inaccurate readings. In such situations, it is often advised to do fingerstick tests to calibrate your CGM device.
- Overwhelming or Confusing
Second limitation revolves around the complexity of using it with reference to device usage, data interpretation, setting adjustments, and troubleshooting. Emotional impact of seeing your glucose levels fluctuate so often is also significant initially, including receiving alarms and alerts about the same. This is why taking guidance from healthcare professional, or an educator goes a long way in helping you set realistic expectations and goals for your glucose control.
Another considerable limitation is centered around its high cost, due to which their widespread establishment takes a toll. The individual is required to pay out-of-pocket for the device, sensors, transmitters, and supplies. It might also not be covered by any healthcare plan or insurance company. While the cost of CGM varies depending on the type and model of the device, it can range from hundreds to thousand USD per year, not to forget the additional expenses regarding battery, chargers, adhesives, etc.
- Difficult Dedicated Requirements
CGM systems require proper insertion, maintenance, and replacement of transmitters and sensors. Individuals tend to experience some discomfort, bleeding, pain, and skin irritations, followed by inaccurate readings. Hence, it is recommended to follow the instruction and recommendations from the device manufacturer and the healthcare team on how to use and take care of the CGM system. Monitoring the sensor site regularly for any infection or inflammation is also important.
Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) with Patch Sensors: Future Potentials
Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) utilizing patch sensors is poised to reshape the landscape of diabetes care and management. As technology advances, these innovative devices are playing and will play an increasingly pivotal role in enhancing the lives of individuals living with diabetes. For decades, traditional fingerstick glucose meters have been the primary method, necessitating frequent manual blood sugar tests. However, CGM with patch sensors offers a revolutionary alternative, enabling real-time tracking of glucose levels without the need for constant pricking.
LifePlus is a Silicon Valley-based startup which is developing a noninvasive wearable known as LifeLeaf, which will be able to detect blood glucose levels, heart rate, blood pressure, among others, along with light sensors to enhance accuracy.
Alertgy is a Florida-based startup which is in progress of creating noninvasive CGM dubbed ANICGM. It would monitor glucose reading using miniaturized MRI-like technology on wristband.
This company in San Diego is under the process of developing a needle-free nickle sized CGM that includes a built-in transmitter and a rechargeable battery that would monitor glucose trends and biomarkers.
There has been news where companies like Apple have been reported to currently work on a noninvasive CGM from the last decade. One of their concepts involves optical sensors, making the process prick-free and smooth.
According to TechSci Research Report “Blood Glucose Monitoring Devices Market - Global Industry Size, Share, Trends, Competition, Opportunity and Forecast, 2018-2028F”, Segmented By Product Type (Self-Monitoring Glucose Devices {Glucometers, Test Strips, Lancets} and Continuous Glucose Monitoring Devices {Sensors, Transmitters & Receivers, Integrated Insulin Pumps}), By Application (Type 1 Diabetes, Type 2 Diabetes, Gestational Diabetes), By End User (Home Care Settings, Hospital, Others), By Region and Competition” Global Blood Glucose Monitoring Devices Market has valued at USD 12.08 Billion in 2022 and is anticipated to project impressive growth in the forecast period with a CAGR of 5.7% through 2028. Blood glucose monitoring is the process of testing blood sugar levels in individuals with diabetes. It plays a crucial role in recognizing glucose levels within the target range and provides valuable insights for managing diabetes.
To Wrap Up
The current advancements in Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) and diabetic patch sensor technology are revolutionizing the way we manage diabetes. The development of non-invasive, painless, and user-friendly devices has made glucose monitoring less burdensome for patients. These technologies provide real-time glucose readings, allowing for more precise insulin dosing and better glycemic control. Further innovation and developments in the field are sure to take the overall market and technology to new heights.
In conclusion, while researchers and innovative companies have made significant strides in CGM and diabetic patch sensor technology, the journey is far from over. The relentless pursuit of innovation in this field continues to push the boundaries of what is possible. As we move forward, these technologies will undoubtedly play a pivotal role in improving the quality of life for people with diabetes.